Feature extraction is a very crucial step in P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and independent component analysis (ICA) is a suitable P300 feature extraction method. But at present the convergence performance of the general ICA iteration methods are not very satisfactory. In this paper, a method based on quantum particle swarm optimizer (QPSO) algorithm and ICA technique is put forward for P300 extraction. In this method, quantum computing is used to impel ICA iteration to globally converge faster. It achieved the purpose of extracting P300 rapidly and efficiently. The method was tested on two public datasets of BCI Competition Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and a simple linear classifier was employed to classify the extracted P300 features. The recognition accuracy reached 94.4% with 15 times averaged. The results showed that the proposed method could extract P300 rapidly and the extraction effect did not reduce. It provides an experimental basis for further study of real-time BCI system.
Objective To systematically review literature on the influencing factors related to adolescent sub-health problems. Methods We electronically searched the following four databases including CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data to collect Chinese literature on adolescent sub-health status and problems in China published before May 2012. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and cross checked records. Then qualitative analysis was applied. Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that the influencing factors of adolescent sub-health could be classified into four categories including social factors, family factors, school factors, and interpersonal relationships. The main ones were social support, employment pressure, family economic conditions, learning burden, unhealthy habits, etc. Conclusions There are many influencing factors of adolescent sub-health with interaction. Due to the limitation of the included studies, more prospective cohort studies are needed to provide high quality evidence.
ObjectiveTo study the diagnostic significance of modified Alvarado Score System for different types of acute appendicitis. MethodsClinical data of 1 930 cases of acute appendicitis, who underwent appendicectomy in The First Hospital of Yulin from Jan. 2004 to Jan. 2014, were retrospectively collected. Then the diagnostic significance of Modified Alvarado Score System was detected and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and its correlation with postoperative pathological results was calculated. ResultsThe modified Alvarado score of cases in progressive group was higher than that of simplex group (7.5±1.3 vs. 3.6±0.7, P < 0.001). The areas under ROC curve of modified Alvarado Score System was 0.943 (95% CI:0.929-0.958, P < 0.001). The critically diagnostic points of Modified Alvarado Score System for differential diagnosis of simplex acute appendicitis and progressive acute appendicitis was 6 score, with sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 86.3%, positive predictive value of 96.9%, negative predictive value of 72.6%, positive likelihood ratio of 6.8, negative likelihood ratio of 0.1, and Youden index of 91.7%. ConclusionThis Modified Alvarado Score System has a certain significance for the type diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
ObjectiveTo analyze research status of influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents, and systematically review the influencing factors. MethodsWe electronically searched the following databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid, EBSCO, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect cross-sectional studies on sun-protection problems in children and adolescents up to December 2012. The criteria for cross-sectional studies recommended by AHQR was applied in the assessment of included studies. Then, qualitative analysis methods were used to systematically summarize information and results of the included studies. ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. The results showed that, the influencing factors of sun-protection behaviour in children and adolescents included gender, age, skin colour, eye colour, the mass media information, school health education, etc., of which, researches on gender, grade, light skin, eye colour were relatively more. ConclusionAt present, there are many studies about influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents while the target influencing factors differ in regions.
Objective To systematically analyze the factors influencing the left-behind children’s mental health. Methods After the search term and strategy were confirmed by researchers, four Chinese databases including Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Database (WF) were searched to collect papers, published before March 2011, on relevant factors influencing mental health of left-behind children in China. Then two reviewers independently screened, extracted and cross-checked the data, and the disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Qualitative synthesis method was used to analyze the study results. Results Of the total 3 252 records, 49 studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that factors influencing left-behind children’s mental health could be classified into four categories including social factors, family factors, school factors and personal factors. Of the nearly 30 kinds of specific factors, the main ones were gender, age, parent-child relationship, social support, personality and characteristics, and outgoing condition of parents, etc. Conclusion Current research results indicate that many factors have influences on mental health of left-behind children, but the research quality is not high with low argument efficiency. There are still controversies on several factors’ impact. Longitudinal studies with rigorous design are needed to analyze the impact of different factors on the left-behind children’s mental health and to summarize the interaction between various factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing practical and effective intervention measures.
Objective To learn the impact of health education on schistosomiasis among high school students in Wanzhou area of Three Gorges Reservoir, and to evaluate its effects. Methods The stratified multi-level cluster randomized sampling was used to survey 566 high school students in Wanzhou and Yunyang areas, and the questionnaire was used to investigate their recognition of schistosomiasis. Results After one-year health education on schistosomiasis, the passing rate of the knowledge about schistosomiasis prevention among high school students in demonstration area raised from 9.43% to 98.87% (χ2=463.46, P=0.000), which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=312.92, P=0.000); the passing rate of the attitude and belief of schistosomiasis prevention were 98.12%, which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=109.49, P=0.000); 56.02% of high school students in demonstration area had no susceptible behavior of schistosomiasis, which was higher than that of the inside and outside control areas (χ2=237.53, P=0.000). Conclusion Health education on schistosomiasis can efficiently improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention among high school students, and has important meanings for controlling potential epidemics and spread of schistosomiasis in Wanzhou area of Three Gorges Reservoir.
Objective To systematically review the literatures on left-behind children’s mental health status, and to describe and analyze the current domestic left-behind children’s main psychological health problems. Methods With the search terms and strategies predefined by repeated discuss and pre-retrieval, the literatures in Chinese published before March 2011 were searched in following four Chinese databases including Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang Dissertation Database (WF). All research papers that reported the left-behind children’s mental health status and problems within China were included. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data. Disagreements were resolved by discussion or by involving a third researcher. The qualitative synthesis method was used to analyze the studies, while the meta-analysis was not adopted because of the tremendous heterogeneity of each study on the definition of left-behind children, study design and outcomes. Results A total of 155 studies were included for the final analysis and all of them were the cross-sectional study including 63 uncontrolled cross-sectional studies and 92 controlled cross-sectional studies. Most of the results showed that compared with the non-left-behind children, the left-behind children’s mental health level was lower and there were many psychological problems. While several studies suggested that there was no significant difference between the two groups. The left-behind children in different types (such as different gender, age, guardianship types, the migrant condition of parents, etc.) had different mental health problems. Conclusion The results of the current research indicate that the left-behind children have many mental health problems. However, the results are still controversial. The definitions of left-behind children have not been unified and the quality of current studies is generally low, which might influence the synthesis of results. High quality of controlled studies and long-term prospective cohort studies need to be conducted to study more accurately and deeply on the left-behind children’s mental health and on the differences between the left-behind children and non-left-behind children.