ObjectiveTo study whether the pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) under different spatial frequency in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is different from normal people. MethodsP-VEP examination under high (15') and low (60') spatial frequency was performed on 18 MS patients (36 eyes) treated in our department from September 2011 to April 2012 and 20 normal volunteers (40 eyes). Then, we analyzed the difference between the two groups under the above-mentioned two kinds of spatial frequency. ResultsThe latency of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency in MS patients was (120.50±13.04) ms which was significantly different from (109.21±5.38) ms of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The latency of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency in MS patients was (109.57±12.87) ms, which was also significantly different from (103.31±5.45) ms of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency in MS patients was (9.17±5.69)μV and it was significantly lower than that[(15.69±8.45)μv] of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency in MS patients was (11.93±16.75)μV and it was not significantly different from normal volunteers[(13.47±9.24μV)]. Based on different corrected vision, the MS patients were divided into two groups (vision≥1.0 and vision < 1.0). For patients with vision≥1.0, the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency was (113.43±8.28) ms and (12.94±5.46)μV; the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency was (111.13±11.50) ms and (11.57±5.60)μV. For patients with vision < 1.0, the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency was (126.69±13.49) ms and (5.87±3.43)μV; the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency was (108.26±14.11) ms and (12.24±5.82)μV. There was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of P100 under low spatial frequency between the two groups with different corrected vision (P > 0.05), but the latency and amplitude of P100 under high spatial frequency were both significantly different between those two groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCompared with normal people, MS patients feature latency delay and amplitude reduction of the P-VEP, which was more severe under high spatial frequency. P-VEP under high spatial frequency may become an important evidence to evaluate visual function of MS patients.
Objective To explore the retinal and choroidal thickness of myopic patients with different diopters, and analyze the change rule and its relation with the diopter. Methods From October 2015 to June 2016, a total of 161 patients (322 eyes) with myopia and 53 normal volunteers (106 eyes) were selected from Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed in all the subjects with Macular cube 512×128 and EDI HD-OCT model in Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 of Carl Zeiss Company from Germany, measuring the retinal and choroidal thickness in macular central fovea, and 3 and 6 mm above, below, on the nose side, and on the temporal side of macular central fovea; the data were averaged. According to the different diopters, the subjects were divided into four groups, including emmetropia group with 53 patients (106 eyes), low myopia group (equivalent diopter from –0.25 to –3.00) with 64 patients (128 eyes), moderate myopia group (equivalent diopter from –3.25 to –6.00) with 47 patients (94 eyes), and high myopia group (equivalent diopter <–6.00) with 50 patients (100 eyes). All the subjects’ best corrected visual acuities were ≥0.8. The changes of retinal and choroidal thickness in myopia patients with different diopters were compared and analyzed. Results The average retinal thickness of the patients in the emmetropia group, the low myopia group, the moderate myopia group, and the high myopia group was (242.50±29.86), (238.46±23.85), (224.52±26.01), (211.91±23.07) μm, respectively; the average choroidal thickness of the patients in the emmetropia group, the low myopia group, the moderate myopia group, and the high myopia group was (220.16±66.00), (252.39±79.56), (191.09±103.03), (121.83±92.54) μm, respectively. There was no significant difference in retinal thickness between the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group (P>0.05), while the differences in retinal thickness between the remaining groups were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between the emmetropia group and moderate myopia group (P>0.05), while the differences in choroid thickness between the remaining groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In general, there are decreasing trends of the retinal thickness and choroid thickness with the increase of the diopter, which may be associated with the formation process of myopia.
ObjectiveTo observe the full-field ERG (ff-ERG) characteristics of patients with acute regional occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR).MethodsA retrospective observational study. From June 2017 to June 2019, 62 eyes of 42 patients (AZOOR group) who were diagnosed with AZOOR in the Department of Ophthalmology of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included in the study. All patients had no obvious localized disease on the fundus. Among 62 eyes, BCVA of 16 eyes were＜0.1, BCVA of 27 eyes were ≤0.5, and BCVA of 19 eyes were＞0.5. From June 2018 to January 2019, 40 normal volunteers (80 eyes) who attended the outpatient clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University and passed detailed ophthalmological examination to exclude all eye diseases including refractive errors were selected as the normal control group. All the examined eyes were tested with ff-ERG using the German Roland visual electrophysiological inspection system. The peak times and amplitudes of the waveforms induced by each response of dark adaptation 0.01 ERG, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG, light adaptation 3.0 ERG, and light adaptation 30 Hz flicker ERG were recorded, respectively. The peak time and amplitude of each ff-ERG response between the two groups were compared by independent sample t test. The peak time and amplitude of each ff-ERG response between different BCVA eyes in the AZOOR group were compared by variance test.ResultsCompared with the normal control group, 0.01 ERG b wave of the dark adaptation of AZOOR group (t=3.601, －6.120), 3.0 ERG a wave and b wave of dark adaptation (t=2.627, －4.263, 3.719, －5.866), 3.0 Oscillation potential P2 wave of dark adaptation (t=－6.625), 3.0 ERG a wave and b wave of bright adaptation (t=3.762, －3.612, 3.648, －3.739) and 30 Hz flicker ERG P wave of bright adaptation (t=－3.832), all peak time of those were significantly delayed, the amplitude decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Comparison of different BCVA eyes in the AZOOR group showed that 0.01 ERG b wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=3.950), 3.0 ERG a peak and b wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=4.408, 4.876), oscillation potential P2 wave amplitude of dark adaptation (F=4.295), 3.0 ERG b wave amplitude of bright adaptation (F=4.344) and 30 Hz flicker ERG P wave amplitude of bright adaptation (F=4.483) of differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in waveform peak time and amplitude of the other reactions (P＞0.05). Pairwise comparison results showed that, compared with those with 0.1≤BCVA≤0.5 and BCVA＞0.5, those with BCVA＜0.1 dark adaptation to 0.01 ERG b wave, dark adaptation 3.0 ERG b wave, dark adaptation oscillation potential P2 wave, and light adaptation 3.0 ERG b wave and light adaptation 30 Hz scintillation ERG P wave amplitude were significantly reduced, and dark adaptation to 3.0 ERG a peak was significantly delayed, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe ff-ERG of patients with AZOOR show delayed peak time and decreased amplitude of each response. The worse BCVA are accompanied by the more obvious decrease of each response amplitude of ff-ERG.
目的 通过比较白内障患者与正常人用两种方法测量的前房深度和眼轴长度值，观察IOL Master和接触式A型超声测量是否存在差别及其关联程度。 方法 选取2010年12月－2011年2月期间行白内障摘除加人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者及除屈光不正外没有其他眼部病变的志愿者共89例。分别用IOL Maste和A型超声测量54例（96只眼）白内障患者和35例（70只眼）正常者的前房深度（ACD）和眼轴长度（AL），应用配对t检验对每组两种方法测得的ACD及AL值进行比较，并应用Pearson相关分析比较两种方法的相关性。应用独立样本t检验比较白内障组和正常者组间两种方法测得的差值是否不同。 结果 白内障组A型超声和IOL Master测得的ACD值分别是（2.83 ± 0.34）、（3.05 ± 0.39） mm，AL值分别是（23.93 ± 2.46）、（24.27 ± 2.57） mm，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；正常者组A型超声和IOL Master测得的ACD值分别是（3.16 ± 0.36）、（3.43 ± 0.46） mm，AL值分别是（24.16 ± 1.61）、（24.49 ± 1.62） mm，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两种测量方法的相关系数分别是rACD=0.823（P＜0.05）和rAL= 0.995（P＜0.05）。白内障组和正常者组两种方法测得的ACD差值分别是（0.23 ± 0.23）、（0.28 ± 0.30） mm；AL差值分别是（0.34 ± 0.27）、（0.33 ± 0.15） mm；两组间ACD和AL差值的比较，差异均无统计学意义（P=0.243，0.742）。 结论 不论是白内障组还是正常者组，用IOL Master测得的ACD及AL值均比A型超声测得的相应值高，但是两种方法测得的值高度相关。白内障组和正常者组用两种方法测得的差值相比无差别；在可测到ACD及AL值的情况下，两种测量方法的差值均不受晶状体密度的影响。
ObjectiveTo use flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and analyze the specificity of the disease on F-ERG and OCT. MethodsThirty-seven patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with primary retinitis pigmentosa in the Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital between September 2013 to October 2014 and 38 normal volunteers (76 eyes) were included in this study. F-ERG and OCT examinations were performed on all the patients. Then, we analyzed the differences between the two groups of subjects. ResultsFor RP patients undergoing P-ERG examination with the dark adaptation of 0.01 ERG, the latency of b wave was (73.24±6.42) ms and the amplitude of b wave was (22.87±22.48) μV; when dark adaptation of 3.0 ERG was adopted, the latency of a wave was (24.57±6.30) ms, the amplitude of a wave was (35.45±25.54) μV, the latency of b wave was (48.19±8.18) ms, and the amplitude of b wave was (119.47±50.89) μV; with the light adaptation of 3.0 ERG, the latency of a wave was (21.01±4.86) ms, the amplitude of a wave was (12.59±13.43) μV, the latency of b wave was (38.43±5.00) ms, and the amplitude of b wave was (27.19±38.12) μV. For normal volunteers undergoing F-ERG examination with the dark adaptation of 0.01 ERG, the latency of b wave was (72.63±3.49) ms and the amplitude of b wave was (86.36±21.57) μV; when the dark adaptation was 3.0 ERG, the latency of a wave was (22.88±1.62) ms, the amplitude of a wave was (210.74±43.57) μV, the latency of b wave was (42.59±2.60) ms, and the amplitude of b wave was (398.29±62.42) μV; when the light adaptation of 3.0 ERG was adopted, the latency of a wave was (16.61±0.87) ms, the amplitude of a wave was (54.26±19.64) μV, the latency of b wave was (33.29±1.11) ms, and the amplitude of b wave was (176.98±63.44) μV. There were no significant differences between the two groups when dark adaptation ERG was 0.01 (P=0.48), but for other adaptations, there were significant differences in the latency and amplitude of a and b wave between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of OCT showed that the retinal thickness of the RP patients with a range of 1 mm diameter centered on macular center concave was (218.66±74.14) mm, 3 mm diameter was (275.03±47.85) mm, and 6 mm diameter was (247.37±46.44) mm. For normal volunteers, OCT showed that the retinal thickness with a 1 mm range centered on macular center concave was (250.38±15.79) mm, 3 mm was (323.64±17.26) mm, and 6 mm was (283.44±12.50) mm. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant for each range (P<0.01). ConclusionFor patients with RP, F-ERG shows latency delay and amplitude decrease for each response, while OCT displays a thinning thickness of macular fovea. Therefore, F-ERG and OCT can not only effectively evaluate the functions of macular and the surrounding retina, but can also be used as an effective method for the diagnosis of RP.