Objective To investigate the degenerative changes in the inner rat retina after photic injury.Methods After 24 hour-dark adaptation, sixty Lewis rats were exposed in a ventilated green plexiglass chamber that transmitted continuous green light between 480-520 nm with an intensity of 900～1 000 lx. After 24 hour exposure, the rats stayed in darkness and were sacrificed after 1 day, 3,7 or 14 days. The neurons in the inner retina were marked by immunohisto chemical technique and observed by light and electronic microscope.Results The apoptotic photoreceptor cells were noted after photic injury. The degeneration and decreasing number of rod bipolar cells were found after 3 days; the edema of horizontal cells occurred after 1 day but ameliorated gradually; decreasing number of amacrine cells was found after 1 day; sustained edema of ganglion cells and prolifeeration of the Müller cells were found after photic injury. Pyknotic and edematous neruronal degenerations of inner retina were found in ultrastructural study.Conclusion The neurons in the inner retina as well as Müller cells are involved in the degeneration after photic injury. Different neurons manifest different patterns of degeneration.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：201-268)
目的:比较不同麻醉方法在腹腔镜妇科不孕检查及治疗术中的效果和安全性。方法:选择不孕拟在腹腔镜下行检查及治疗术的患者60例,随机分为三组,每组20人,分别进行连续硬膜外麻醉(简称EA组);静吸复合全身麻醉(简称GA组);连续硬膜外麻醉加静吸复合全身麻醉(简称EGA组),观察比较三种麻醉方法对患者呼吸,循环及麻醉效果的影响。结果:三种麻醉方法均可保证手术完成,EA组术中管理较为麻烦,GA组循环波动大,EGA组麻醉效果更好,各种药物用量减少,患者血液动力学更稳定,恢复快,管理更轻松。结论:连续硬膜外麻醉加静吸复合全身麻醉(EGA)可避免其它两种麻醉方式不足,各取长处,更适用于腹腔镜妇科不孕检查及治疗术麻醉。
Objective To investigate the etiological distribution of the patients with optic neuritis in China and compare the results with those in western countries. Methods Ophthalmological and neurological detailed clinical and laboratorial examinations were performed on 204 patients with primarily diagnosed optic neuritis (ON). We determined the etiologies using international accepted diagnostic criteria. Results Among 113 patrents with ON, 83(73.5%) were considered as with idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis ( IDON). Sinusitis was common in these patients but was considered to be the probable cause of ON only in 4. Tuberculo-meningitis caused ON was found in 2 cases and syphilitic ON in 1. The causes of 23 cases (20.4%) were unknown. Conclusions Idiopathic demyelinating ON is the most common pathogeny of ON. Despite of some minor differences of causes and prognosis, the etiology of presumed ON in our population is similar to that reported in western countries. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2006,22:367-369)
Objective To detect characteristics and the pathogenesis of rhodopsin (RHO) gene mutation in an inbreeding family with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP). Methods Peripheral venous blood 5-8 ml was abstracted from 8 members in the inbreeding ARRP family and 10 control individuals. DNA gene group was picked. Extron 1-5 of RHO gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)，and the mutation of RHO gene was screened by direct DNA sequence measurement. Results The Gln-344-Arg mutation in the RHO gene was detected in 3 patients with ARRP and homozygotes of the mutation in 3 patients were found. Heterozygous of the mutation was detected in the parent of patients and 1 healthy family member. No mutation of RHO gene was found in 2 healthy family members and 10 control individuals. Conclusions The Gln-344-Arg mutation in the RHO gene may be the pathogenic factor of the ARRP family; the frequency of the mutation of RHO gene may increase in the in breeding ARRP family.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：145-148)
Purpose Photoreceptor cells transplantation was used to determine the localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters (gamma;-aminobutyrate，GABA) in royal college of surgeons rat (RCS rat)'s retina． Methods The healthy Wistar ratsphotorec eptor cells were grafted into the subretinal space of the left eye of the RCS rat by outer path way． Two weeks later,host animals were sacrificed． Both sides of eyes were processed for light microscopic analysis． So did the 74 days Wis tar rats and 74 days RCS rats．Then the method of immunocytochemistry was used to determine the localization of the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA．We gauge the quantity of the amacrine cells and the optical density of inner plexiform layer (IPL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the four groups．ANOVA test were complied to determine significant difference between them． Results After two weeks of transplantation, the transplanted photor eceptor cells survived and the outer plexiform layer was rebuilt ．There are significant differences (Plt;0．001) in the level of the GABA immunoreactivity (IR) within the IPL between the grafted RCS rats eyes and the ungrafted RCS rats eyes． There are differences (ANOVA, Plt;0 ．05) of the quantity of the GABAenergetic amacrine cells among the grafted RCS rats eyes, the ungrafted RCS rats eyes and the Wistar rats． But there was no difference of the quantity of the GABAenergetic amacrine cell s among the grafted RCS rats retina． Conclusio These results suggest that the level of GABA neurotr ansmitters in the reconstructed retina is almost normal, which indicate the func tion of the morbid retina may be resumed by transplanting the photor eceptor cells． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:128-131)
We studied the influence of electrode array parameters on temperature distribution to the retina during the use of retinal prosthesis in order to avoid thermal damage to retina caused by long-term electrical stimulation. Based on real epiretinal prosthesis, a three-dimensional model of electrical stimulation for retina with 4×4 microelectrode array had been established using the finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics). The steady-state temperature field of electrical stimulation of the retina was calculated, and the effects of the electrode parameters such as the distance between the electrode contacts, the materials and area of the electrode contact on temperature field were considered. The maximum increase in the retina steady temperature was about 0.004℃ with practical stimulation current. When the distance between the electrode contacts was changed from 130 μm to 520 μm, the temperature was reduced by about 0.006℃. When the contact radius was doubled from 130 μm to 260 μm, the temperature decrease was about 0.005℃. It was shown that there were little temperature changes in the retina with a 4×4 epiretinal microelectrode array, reflecting the safety of electrical stimulation. It was also shown that the maximum temperature in the retina decreased with increasing the distance between the electrode contacts, as well as increasing the area of electrode contact. However, the change of the maximum temperature was very small when the distance became larger than the diameter of electrode contact. There was no significant difference in the effects of temperature increase among the different electrode materials. Rational selection of the distance between the electrode contacts and their area in electrode design can reduce the temperature rise induced by electrical stimulation.
ObjectiveTo observe the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and to compare the stability and consistency of the two methods of measurement.MethodsA retrospective study. Thirty-one patients with unilateral acute CSC who visited the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Friendship Hospital for the first time during the period from Nov 1st, 2016 to Mar 18th, 2018 were included in the study. Thirty-one healthy age-matched subjects were enrolled as controls. All CSC affected eyes and their fellow eyes and healthy eyes were scanned by single-line enhanced depth imaging of OCT through central fovea of macula to measure their SFCT. The image was binarized and then the CVI of a 1500 μm range below fovea was calculated, i.e. the ratio of vascular (or lumen) area to total choroidal area. CVI and SFCT were compared among CSC eyes, fellow eyes and healthy eyes by variance analysis. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman curve and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to analyze the repeatability, consistency and stability of CVI and SFCT; and Medcalc18.2.1 software was used to draw the Bland-Altman curve and observe the consistency of the two measurement methods.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in CVI and SFCT between CSC affected eyes and fellow eyes (t=3.470, 2.844; P=0.001, 0.006), CSC affected eyes and healthy eyes (t=6.977, 6.277; P＜0.001,＜0.001), fellow eyes and healthy eyes (t=3.508, 3.433; P=0.001, 0.001). Relative consistency analysis of CVI and SFCT showed that the ICC of single measurement and average measurement of CVI were 0.967 and 0.983 respectively, and that of single measurement and average measurement of SFCT were 0.937 and 0.967 respectively. The consistency of CVI and of SFCT was very good. The ICC value of CVI was slightly higher than that of SFCT. The results of repeatability analysis of CVI and SFCT showed that the difference between the two CVI measurements was smaller, and the difference between the two SFCT measurements was larger. And CVI and SFCT stability analysis results showed that the CV of CVI and SFCT were 10.5% and 25.3% respectively. CVI has smaller CV than SFCT.ConclusionsCompared with healthy eyes, CVI and SFCT are increased in CSC affected eyes and fellow eyes. And compared with SFCT, CVI has better consistency, repeatability and stability.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious diabetic complications, which is the main cause of vision loss in adults. The specific vascular and neuropathology mechanism of DR is not clear. It has been demonstrated that Inflammatory reaction might be take effects in the development and progression of DR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as an important chemokine in the inflammatory response process, promotes chemotactic and activating factors, destroys the blood-retinal barrier, causes retinal vascular disease, and activates microglia, which is related to the severity of the disease. With further research on MCP-1, it is possible to use chemokines and their receptors as target cells to control or slow down the progression of DR by reducing or inhibiting the production of MCP-1 in diabetic patients in the early stages of the disease. This study can provide new ideas and new methods about preventing and treating DR.
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods A total of 152 patients with CSP diagnosed by B-type ultrasonography were enrolled prospectively in this study from June 2014 to May 2016 in Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital and Suining Central Hospital. Six patients from Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital and 84 from Suining Central Hospital for Volunteered HIFU treatment were regarded as observation group. The other 62 patients from Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital were selected to accept UAE treatment voluntarily were designated as control group. The clinical efficacy and therapeutic safety of the two groups were compared after the treatment. Results Eighty-two patients (91.1%) in the observation group and 32 (51.6%) in the control group had a bleeding volume equal to 100 mL or lower during complete curettage of uterine cavity (P<0.05). The hospitalization expenses of the above two groups were respectively (25 126.51±1 473.49) and (32 928.42 ±1 579.35) yuan (P<0.05). The hospitalization time was (11.03±1.52) and (10.65±1.87) days respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the normal rate of human chorionic gonadotropin recovery between the observation group and the control group at 14 days after treatment (P>0.05). Eighty-seven patients (96.7%) in the observation group and 51 (82.3%) in the control group had their menstrual recovery to normal level at 2 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was 1.1% and 6.4% in the observation group and the control group, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions HIFU in the treatment of CSP is safe and effective. Compared with UAE, HIFU requires less cost with fewer complications, which is worth promoting.