目的 探讨加强抗菌药物合理应用管理后医院感染发生及分布的变化趋势,为实现循证管理提供科学依据。 方法 对2010年8月-2012年6月医院感染现患率调查结果进行比较分析。 结果 2012年医院感染现患率为1.78%,与2010年的3.61%相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术切口感染构成比由30.0%降为0.0%。抗菌药物使用率,由2010年的50.18%降至29.08%降低明显;2012年抗菌药物单联使用率为89.80%,较2010年71.22%明显提升,且无三联用药病例。 结论 规范抗菌药物临床应用后,医院感染现患率明显降低,防控医院感染取得了显著成效。
目的 了解医院感染情况,对医院感染控制工作进行评价,为医院感染控制措施提供依据,提高医务人员的感染控制意识。 方法 采用横断面调查的方法,于2012年8月21日进行医院感染现患率调查,将调查结果进行分类、统计、分析。 结果 应查住院患者1 383例,实查1 378例,实查率99.64%,现患率3.41%。医院感染下呼吸道感染占53.19%,泌尿道感染占25.53%,手术部位感染占4.26%,调查当日抗菌药物使用率20.90%。 结论 通过医院感染现患率调查,可快捷地获得全院医院感染的情况,为医院感染防控工作提供依据。
目的 了解医院感染现患率及危险因素,及时调整医院感染预防控制措施。 方法 医院感染管理专职人员与临床医师共同调查2010年12月15日0:00~24:00所有住院患者,查阅病历和床旁调查相结合,填写统一的现患率调查个案登记表和床旁调查表,对调查结果进行统计分析。 结果 医院感染现患率2.49%;科室主要分布在综合重症监护病房(ICU)和内三科(肿瘤和内分泌专业);部位主要分布在下呼吸道、泌尿道、血液;导管相关感染有增加趋势,不合理使用抗菌药物问题较突出。 结论 综合ICU和内三科是新津县人民医院的重点科室;下呼吸道、泌尿道、中心静脉置管部位是重点部位;侵袭类操作及不合理使用抗菌药物是危险因素;该院医院感染预防控制工作重点:加强导管相关感染监测,增加耐药菌监测,加强对综合ICU、内三科的管理,加强对侵袭性操作及合理使用抗菌药物的管理,提高病原学送检率。
目的 了解四川省人民医院2011年的医院感染情况及其高危因素、抗菌药物使用情况。 方法 2011年9月采用横断面调查、床旁调查和病历调查相结合的方法,调查该院在调查日的医院感染、高危因素和抗菌药物使用等信息。 结果 调查住院患者1 898例,医院感染现患率4.53%,医院感染例次率4.64%;动静脉插管、呼吸机使用、泌尿道插管、气管切开、激素使用、化学疗法和免疫抑制剂的使用、血液透析等为医院感染的高危因素;调查当日抗菌药物使用率为32.93%。 结论 通过医院感染横断面调查可方便、快捷地获得全院医院感染方面的信息,为医院感染防控工作的开展提供依据。
目的 为贯彻落实卫生部《医院感染管理办法》、《抗菌药物合理应用指导原则》,了解成都三六三医院医院感染的现状,对医院感染控制工作进行评价,提高医务人员的感染控制意识。 方法 制定统一调查方案与措施,逐一查看2011年9月21日全院住院患者在架病历,对全院住院患者通过床旁询问和体检的方式进行调查。 结果 全院共有住院患者621例,实查621例,实查率100%。发生医院感染19例,现患率为3.06%。抗生素使用率46.38%。病原学送检率21.88%。 结论 加强医务人员医院感染知识的培训是提高其医院感染防控意识的重要手段;提高感染患者病原学送检率,减少经验性用药,依据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,达到有效减少耐药菌产生的目的。
目的 调查四川省妇幼保健院医院感染发生情况及影响因素,以改进医院感染发病率监测方法与医院感染预防和控制措施。 方法 对2011年9月19日0:00~24:00所有住院患者进行调查,包括当日出院、转院、死亡的患者,但不包括新入院患者,使用全国医院感染监控网统一设计的调查表,采用床旁调查和查阅病历相结合,对调查结果进行统计分析。 结果 应调查住院患者112例,实际调查109例,实查率为97.3%;发生医院感染4例,现患率为3.7%。医院感染部位以呼吸道为主,抗菌药物使用率为64.2%。 结论 通过医院感染现患率调查,可以在短期内全面了解医院感染的现状,针对性的制定医院感染监控措施,预防和控制医院感染的发生。
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of hospital infection, so as to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection prevention and control. MethodsFrom 2011 to 2013, according to the criteria of diagnosis of nosocomial infections set up by the Ministry of Health, the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in patients who were hospitalized on the survey day were investigated by the combination of bedside investigation and medical records checking. ResultsThe incidence rates of nosocomial infections from 2011 to 2013 were 2.99%, 2.31% and 1.95%, respectively, presenting a downward trend. The rate of hospital infection was the highest in comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, and the main infection site was the lower respiratory tract. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing hospital infections, including Klebliella pnermoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. The utilization rates of antibacterial agents in these three years were respectively 39.84%, 34.58% and 34.22%. ConclusionTargeted surveillance and management of key departments and sites should be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and management of antibiotics, raise the submission rate of pathogens, and use antibiotics appropriately.
ObjectiveTo explore the variation tendency of hospital infection and the antibacterial usage between 2011 and 2012,analyze the factors for hospitalization infection,and instruct on taking effective intervention measures,in order to reduce the rate of hospital infection,and thus to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection. MethodsAll patients hospitalized in our hospital from 00:00 to 24:00 between September 21,2011 and August 16,2012 were investigated.By using the method of combined clinical investigation and case study,we asked the patients to fill the case questionnaires standardly,and analyzed the hospital infection cases on the survey day. ResultsA total of 1165 hospitalized patients were investigated from the year 2011 to 2012,and the actual check rate was 100%.A total of 46 cases of hospital infection occurred in 39 patients.The prevalence rate of hospital infection was 3.88% in 2011 and 2.80% in 2012.High rate hospital infections occurred in the Department of Neurosurgery which was 27.27% and Cardiothoracic surgery which was 16.67% in 2011.In 2012,the departments included ICU which was 28.57% and Internal Cardiovascular Medicine which was 9.09%.The main infection sites were respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract and superficial incisions.The usage rates of antibiotics were 63.07% and 40.56% respectively in the two years.There were significant difference in antibiotic use rate between the two years (P<0.01). ConclusionThe focus of future work is to strengthen the management of respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical site infections,and to use antimicrobial drugs reasonably,in order to reduce hospital infection effectively.