Objective To observe the inhibition effect of curcumin on the proliferation of rabbit retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and investigate its mechanism. Methods The 4th generation of RPE cells were selected and divided into curcumin group and blank control group. The concentration of curcumin included 10, 15, and 20 mu;g/ml. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibition effect on the proliferation of RPE cells at the 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th hour after cultured with curcumin (10, 15, and 20 mu;g/ml). The IC50 value of curcumin at different time points were calculated by Linear Regression. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect on the cell cycle at the 72nd hour after cultured with curcumin (15 mu;g/ml); the expression and apoptosis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also determined at the 24th,48th, and 72nd hour after cultured with curcumin (15 mu;g/ml) respectively. The configuration of RPE cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results The IC50 value of curcumin at the 24th,48th, 72nd and 96th hour was 29.31, 17.50, 13.24, and 10.99 mu;g/ml respectively. Cell cycel analysis indicated that curcumin blocked cells in G0/G1 phase. At the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hour after cultured with curcumin (15 mu;g/ml), the expression of PCNA of RPE cells were 565.04plusmn;23.60, 473.61plusmn;36.88, and 396.15plusmn;32.45; the apoptosisrate were （12.83plusmn;0.13）%，（32.27plusmn;4.51）%，（56.81plusmn;8.67）%, respectively. The differeces of curcumin groups compared with the control group were significant (P＜0.05). Apoptosis of RPE cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Conclusions Curcumin can inhibite the proliferation of RPE cells by inhibit the synthesization of PCNA and inducing the apoptosis of RPE cells. Curcumin may become a potential drug to prevent and treat PVR.
Objective To observe the effect of medicineinduced posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods PVR was induced in the left eyes of 24 pigmented rabbits by intravitreal injection with platelet rich plasma. The rabbits were randomly divided into two experimental groups (group A and B) and one control group with 8 eyes in each group. Three hours later, the eyes in group A and B and the control group underwent intravireal injection with 1 U plasmin 0.05 ml+20 U hyaluronidase 0.05 ml, plasmin 0.1 ml, and balance salt solution 0.1 ml, respectively. The grade of PVR was recorded 1, 7, and 28 days after the intravitreal injection, and the eyes were examined by flash electroretinogram (FERG), B-scan, and retinal histopathological examination. Results The PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced successfully. On the 7th day after injection, complete and partial PVD was found in 5 and 3 eyes respectively in group A; partial PVD in 5 eyes and no complete PVD was observed in group B; there was no PVD in the other 3 eyes in group B and also in the eyes in the control group. On the 28th day after intravitreal injection, PVR grade of group A and B were both obviously lower than that of the control group（D=75.6, 98.9；P=0.003，P=0.011）; On the 7th and 28th day after injection, the b-wave amplitude in group A and B was significantly higher than that in the control group; PVR grade of the PVD eyes was lower than that of nonPVD eyes; PVR grade of the complete PVD eyes was only 0～1. Conclusions Three hours after the PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced, complete PVD induced by intravitreal injection of plasmin combined with hyaluronidase could prevent the development of PVR of rabbit eyes in some degree; partial PVD induced by plasmin alone or combined with hyaluronidase could relieve the development of PVR.
Objective To observe the surgical results of the patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). Methods Clinical data of 16 eyes of 16 patients with PHPV who had undergone retina surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The patient, 7 males and 9 females, aged from 3 months to 25 years with the average of 51.9 months. 14 cases were si n gle eye pathogenesis, 2 cases were binocular pathogenesis. Of the 16 eyes, 3 had anterior PHPV, 13 had components of both anterior and posterior disease. In addition, 10 eyes with cataract, 7 eyes with posterior synechia, 5 eyes with shallo w anterior chamber, 3 eyes with bandshaped degeneration of cornea, 1 eye with corneal opacity, 2 eyes contractive retinal detachment, 1 eye with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The visual acuity was light sensation, hand move, counting f ingers/10cm and 002 in 1 eye respectively. 12 eyes can not meet visual inspection, the reflection of b light was not obvious.13 eyes underwent lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy, 1 eye was implanted intraocular lens, 3 eyes with retin al detachment underwent lensectomy, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, gas tamponade and scleral buckling. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years (mean 15.3 months). Results After surgery, all 16 eyes had normal intraocular pressure and anterior chamber, retinal attachment; two eyes achieved a visual acuity of 10/100 and 20/ 100; 8 patients have the reflection of b light who once didnprime;t meet visual inspection; the visual acuity in 6 patients below counting fingers. Conclusions Surgical treatment of PHPV can prevent future glaucoma and he morrhagic complications. It is useful to win functional visual acuity if it combined with amblyopia training after surgery. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：210-212）
Objective To detect the variation rule of different cellular components, extracellular matrix, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases（TIMPs）in proliferative membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with different courses of disease, and to investigate the remodeling mechanism of PVR. Methods Sixteen surgically excised specimens of proliferative membranes from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with PVR with the course of disease of 2 months to 8 years were selected. The different cellular component of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and glial cells, component of extracellular matrix including fibronectin, laminin，and collagen types Ⅰ to Ⅳ, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9) and TIMP1 in proliferative membrane were labeled by immunohistochemical method. The variati on of those labeled components in proliferative membrane in PVR duration and the correlation between these components and the course of PVR were analyzed. Results As the duration of PVR increased,the expression of RPE cells, fibronectin and MMP2 decreased (Plt;0.05）,while glial cells,collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ increased (Plt;0.05）.The positive staining of laminin and collagen type Ⅱ and Ⅳ were found, but the association with PVR duration was not detected. A negative correlation between PVR duration and RPE cells, MMP2, and fibronectin respectively and a positive correlation between PVR duration and glial cells, collagen Ⅰand Ⅲ respectively were detected. MMP2 positively related with variation of fibronect in. Positive staining of MMP9 and TIMP1 was recorded but did not change with the variation of the disease course. Conclusion During the formation and development of proliferative membrane in PVR, RPE cells, glial cells, fibronectin, collagen type Ⅰand Ⅲ and MMP2 take part in the remodeling of proliferative membrane. (Chin J Ocul Fungdus Dis, 2006, 22:308-312)
Objective To observe the surgical effects of photocoagulation and vitrectomy on familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Methods The data from 32 eyes of 17 patients with FEVR diagnosed in our department from January 1997 to August 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. The methods of treatment had been chosen according to the disease extents. Seven eyes ( stage 1 in 2 eyes, 2A in 1 eyes, and 2B in 4 eyes) had undergone peripheral photocoagulation with the follow-up period of 6-108 months (the average was 20.29 months); vitrectomy had been performed on 13 eyes(stage 3B in 2 eyes,4A in 1 eyes, 4B in 6 eyes, and 5A in 4 eyes) with the follow-up period of 3-108 months ( the average was 20.65 months); 12 eyes had received none of the treatments due to the serious extents, age, and the selection of the patientsprime; relations. Results In 7 eyes treated with peripheral photocoagulation, the disease was stable and visual acuity remained unchanged during the follow-up period . In 13 eyes undergone vitrectomy, reattached retina was found in 12; visual acuity improved in 9, kept still in 3, and was unknown in 1 because of the patient prime;s noncooperation. Conclusion Photocoagulation may prevent the development of FEVR, and vitrectomy can promote the reattachment of retina and improvement of the visual acuity in patients with FEVR. These two treatments are effective on FEVR. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2006，22：302-304）
Objective To observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor and vitreous body in eyes with proliferative vitreo-retinal diseases, and to investigate the role of VEGF plays in the pathoge nesis of proliferative vitreo-retinal diseases. Methods The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) were measured by double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in eyes with PVR, RVO, PDR and NVG were obviously higher than that in the control group (Plt;0.05), respectively. Among all of the diseases, the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body decreased orderly in NVG, PDR, RVO and PVR (Plt;0.05). The concentration of VEGF in vitreous body in eyes with PVR, RVO, PDR and in the control group were much higher than that in aqueous humor in corresponding groups (Plt;0.05). There was a negative correlation between the disease history and content of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in patients with PVR (r=－0.819, －0.823；Plt;0.05). The disease history positi vely correlated with the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in patients with RVO (r=0.913, 0.929；Plt;0.05), and the time of vitreous hemorrhage positively correlated with the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in patients with PDR (r=0.905, 0.920；Plt;0.05). Conclusion The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body in patients with proliferative vitreo-retinal diseases significantly increases, and VEGF may play an important role in the pathoge nesis of proliferative vitreo-retinal diseases. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 313-316)
Objective To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor（CTGF）in human proliferative membranes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy（PVR），and the relationship among CTGF，transforming growth factor-beta; receptor（TGF-beta;R）and extracellular matrix（ECM）. Methods Immunohistochemistry method of streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex（SABC）was used to detect the expression of CTGF，TGF-beta;RⅡ，fibronectin（FN），collagen Ⅰ，and collagen Ⅲ protein in43periretinal membranes（PRM）of PVR obtained by vitrectomy，and the correlations of the expression of CTGF，TGF-beta;RⅡ and ECM were analyzed by statistics. Results CTGF and TGF-beta;RⅡ protein highly expressed in PRM of PVR and most of the CTGF-positive cells were epithelial cells.The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of CTGF and TGF-beta;RⅡ protein were 70.6% and 76.5%in PVR C membranes，and 73.9% and 69.6%in PVR D membranes respectively.Relationship between positive expression and membranesprime; grades appeared no statistical correlation(P＞0.05).Statistical analysis showed that there was a correlation between the expression of CTGF and TGF-beta;RⅡ，FN，and collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ protein，respectively. Conclusions The expression of CTGF and TGFbeta;RⅡ protein is up-regulated in PRM of PVR，which suggests that the activation of TGF-beta;RⅡ is involved in the production of CTGF，and CTGF is closely related to the production of ECM and play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 192-195)