Objective To introduce the current studies on bone biochemical markers in breast cancer with bone metastasis. Methods The papers in recent 8 years about the application of bone biochemical markers in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer with bone metastasis were reviewed. Results NTX had the best relation with bone metastasis. ICTP was much more worthy than NTX in diagnosis of breast cancer with bone metastasis. Osteogenesis markers were little worthy in diagnosis of breast cancer with bone metastasis. Conclusion Bone biochemical markers can not replace the image exams and biopsy in diagnosing the bone metastasis of breast cancer,but may be one of the factors to get the early diagnosis.
目的 分析总结严重挤压伤导致四肢创伤性截肢各种生化指标的动态变化及对临床中治疗的指导意义。 方法 2000年3月－2011年3月对23例由于严重挤压导致创伤性截肢的患者各项生化指标检测结果进行实时监控，根据监控结果及时调整治疗方案。 结果 伤后患者电解质，血、尿肌红蛋白，尿比重，尿pH值，血肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、羟丁酸脱氢酶、白蛋白、血红蛋白、血小板等指标均有明显改变，据此作为救治的依据进行精细化治疗。术后随访7个月～10年，23例患者均得到康复，肾功能良好。 结论 对于严重挤压伤导致四肢创伤性截肢的各种生化指标实时监控并同步制定精细化治疗，才能确保患者成功救治并得以康复。
Objective To investigate the correlation between nutrition related blood biochemical indexes levels and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) in preoperative nutritional assessment of patients with gastric cancer. Methods One hundred and seventeen gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study by the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of West China Hospital. Nutritional status of each patient was evaluated by PG-SGA, in the meantime, nutrition related blood biochemical indexes levels such as transferrin (TRF), prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb), and hemoglobin (HGB) were measured by analysis of fasting venous blood, then take correlation analysis on the result. Results Eighty cases (68.4%) were in malnutrition (PG-SGA score≥4). The TRF, PA, Alb, and HGB in malnutrition patients were lower than those in non-malnutrition patients (PG-SGA score<4, n=37, P<0.05). The TRF, PA, Alb, and HGB levels of gastric cancer patients had significant negtive correlation with PG-SGA score, the correlation coefficients was –0.629, –0.545, –0.418, and –0.235, respectively (P<0.05). When the PG-SGA score was greater than or equal to 4 points, the optimum cutoff value for TRF, PA, Alb, and HGB was 2.31 g/L, 190.50 mg/L, 38.65 g/L, and 100.50 g/L, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition is high in gastric cancer patients preoperatively. The TRF, PA, Alb, and HGB are significantly decreased in the patients with malnutrition, and these indicators has significant negtive correlation with PG-SGA score. The current study indicated that a gastric cancer patient might be in malnutrition when the biochemical levels are less than or equal to TRF 2.31 g/L, PA 190.50 mg/L, Alb 38.65 g/L, HGB 100.50 g/L, and sufficient attention should be paid when any of these occasions appear clinically. The combination of PG-SGA score and nutrition related blood biochemical indexes levels could provide a more accurate assessment of preoperative nutritional status, and the evidence of nutritional intervention for patients with gastric cancer.
Objective To investigate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and biochemical indexes in children. Methods Seventy-eight children with OSAHS in our hospital from January 2015 to February 2017 were recruited as an observation group, and 100 normal children who underwent physical examination were selected as a control group in the same period. The mean values and positive rates of biochemical markers were compared between two groups including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fasting blood glucose (FPG) level. Results The mean values of biochemical indexes showed significant differences between the observation group and the control group except BUN and FPG [ALT, (52.1±26.2) U/L vs. (41.3±18.5) U/L; TC, (4.9±0.9) mmol/L vs. (4.3±0.8) mmol/L; TG, (1.4±0.7) mmol/L vs. (1.0±0.4) mmol/L; CK-MB, (24.3±9.5) U/L vs. (11.2±8.2) U/L; cTnI, (1.4±0.7) μg/L vs. (1.0±0.6) μg/L] (all P<0.05). The positive rates also showed significant differences between the observation group and the control group except BUN and FPG [ALT (48.7%vs. 14.0%), TC (24.4% vs. 8.0%), TG (23.1% vs. 8.0%), CK-MB (41.0% vs. 11.0%), cTnI (34.6% vs. 7.0%) (all P<0.05). Conclusions The cardiac function and liver function are significantly impaired in children with OSAHS, showing the disorder of lipid metabolism to some extent. These abnormal indexes may be the occurrence and development of OSAHS. More attention should be paid to the detection of biochemical indexes in children with OSAHS.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to provide a basis for clinical classification, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of COVID-19 patients comfirmed between January 17th and February 13th, 2020 were collected, single-factor test and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the relevant indicators between the mild or common cases and the severe or critically severe cases.ResultsA total of 202 patients with COVID-19 were included, with an average age of 45.2 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.02. There were 146 patients (72.3%) without underlying diseases. The average time from onset to diagnosis was 5.4 d, and 31 were clustering epidemic cases. There were 13 (6.4%) mild cases, 151 (74.8%) common cases, 32 (15.8%) severe cases, and 6 (3.0%) critically severe cases. The main clinical symptoms were fever, cough, gasp, and diarrhea. Of the 202 patients, 135 (66.8%) had normal white blood cell count, 22 (10.9%) had lymphocyte ratio >40%, 18 (8.9%) had elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 11 (5.4%) had elevated creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB), and 143 (70.8%) had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Single factor analyses showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mild or common cases and the severe or critically severe cases in the days of diagnosis, age, underlying disease, percentage of neutrophil, percentage of lymphocyte, arterial oxygen partial pressure, CRP, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, CKMB, and AST (all P<0.05); multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CRP [odds ratio (OR)=1.035, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.015, 1.055), P=0.001], CKMB [OR=1.078, 95%CI (1.023, 1.135), P=0.005], and AST [OR=1.042, 95%CI (1.016, 1.069), P=0.002] were correlated with clinical classification.ConclusionsCOVID-19 patients are mild or common cases mostly. CRP, CKMB, and AST are elevated in some cases, which may be related to early inflammation and certain myocardial damages and are independent risk factors for predicting classification.
Lower limb amputation is a significant change in body structure. Loss of muscle, blood vessels, and blood leads to a redistribution of blood flow and changes in resistance at the end of blood vessels. In view of the significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease after lower limb amputation, the mechanism of which is still unclear, this study aims to establish an animal research model that can verify and explore the effects of amputation on cardiovascular system, and provide the experimental basis for subsequent animal experiments when exploring the effect of different amputation levels on the cardiovascular system. SPF New Zealand rabbits were divided into normal group (n = 6) and amputation group (n = 6). The amputation group was treated with above-knee amputation. The changes of low-density liptein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum of all the rabbits were monitored regularly after the surgery. The arterial pathological examination was conducted after the experimental rabbits were executed. The results showed that compared with the normal group, serum LDL-C content and TC content in the amputation group were significantly increased (P<0.05); The blood vessels of the amputated rabbits had pathological changes such as degeneration and necrosis of smooth muscle cells in the middle membrane layer and rupture of elastic fibers. At the abdominal aorta and aortic arch, the elastic fiber area expression percentage (EFEP) of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the normal group. The results suggest that the cardiovascular system of rabbits has the tendency of decreased arterial elasticity and lipid deposition in blood after amputation, indicating that the animal research model on the effect of amputation on the cardiovascular system has been successfully established, and can provide an experimental platform for further study on the mechanism of the effect of amputation on the cardiovascular system.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the nodule manifestation of malignant pleural lesions under medical thoracoscopy and pleural fluid biochemistry and tumor marker levels. MethodsA total of 110 patients with malignant pleura, including 90 cases of lung cancer, 18 cases of malignant mesothelioma, 1 case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 1 case of ovarian serous carcinoma, who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, East Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital from February 2011 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The pleural nodule manifestation was divided into 6 layers were according to the number of pleural nodules in the medical thoracoscopic field, they were divided into 6 layers: non-nodular group, nodular group (pleural nodules of different sizes were distributed); The nodular group was further divided into nodular scattered group (total number of pleural nodules in all fields under thoracoscopy ≤10) and nodular diffuse group (total number of pleural nodules in all fields under thoracoscopy >10); The nodular diffuse group was further divided into the multiple nodules diffused group (the total number of pleural nodules >10 under thoracoscopy and ≤10 nodules in a single microscopic field) and the nodular diffuse patchwork group (the total number of pleural nodules >10 under thoracoscopy and >10 nodules in a single microscopic field). Four biochemical items of pleural fluid, pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine deaminase (ADA), glucose (GLU), protein quantification (TP) levels and pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels, serum CEA, and serum cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1) levels were measured to compare the expression levels of indicators between the non-nodular group and the nodular group, the nodular scattered group and the nodular diffuse group, the multiple nodules diffused group and the nodular diffuse patchwork group.ResultsThe LDH level in pleural fluid of nodular group was significantly higher than that of non-nodular group (P<0.01). The LDH level in pleural fluid of diffuse nodular group was higher than that of scattered nodular group (P<0.05). Compared to those in multiple nodules diffused group, the levels of LDH and ADA in pleural fluid of nodules patchy diffused group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the GLU level was decreased (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the length of disease, smoking index, TP in pleural fluid, CEA in pleural fluid, CA125 in pleural fluid, CEA in serum and CYFRA21-1 in serum between the paired groups.ConclusionsThere were differences in the expression levels of LDH, ADA and GLU in pleural fluid of different degrees of malignant pleural lesions. The higher the degree of pleural lesions, the higher the levels of LDH and ADA in pleural fluid and the lower the levels of GLU in pleural fluid.
Vascular injury resulting from lower limb amputation leads to the redistribution of blood flow and changes in vascular terminal resistance, which can affect the cardiovascular system. However, there was no clear understanding of how different amputation levels affect the cardiovascular system in animal experiments. Therefore, this study established two animal models of above-knee amputation (AKA) and below-knee amputation (BKA) to explore the effects of different amputation levels on the cardiovascular system through blood and histopathological examinations. The results showed that amputation caused pathological changes in the cardiovascular system of animals, including endothelial injury, inflammation, and angiosclerosis. The degree of cardiovascular injury was higher in the AKA group than in the BKA group. This study sheds light on the internal mechanisms of amputation’s impact on the cardiovascular system. Based on the amputation level of patients, the findings recommend more comprehensive and targeted monitoring after surgery and necessary interventions to prevent cardiovascular diseases.