目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂后,患者血清促肾上腺皮质激素、甲状腺激素水平的变化情况。 方法 监测2010年3月-6月共51例动脉瘤患者术前、术后2~3、4~5 d促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、甲状腺激素水平的变化情况,并对监测结果进行统计学处理。 结果 ACTH、促甲状腺激素、甲状腺素、血清游离甲状腺素在术前、术后2~3、4~5 d差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)在术前、术后2~3、4~5 d差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同部位动脉瘤患者的T3、FT3在术前、术后2~3、4~5 d差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Fisher、Hunt分级不同级别的动脉瘤患者的T3、FT3在术前、术后2~3、4~5 d差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 动脉瘤破裂患者的血清T3、FT3的变化水平情况,可以作为判断患者病情的轻重与预后的一项重要指标。
目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断膀胱破裂的诊断价值,以提高膀胱破裂的超声诊断水平。 方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2011年9月术前行彩色超声检查诊断膀胱破裂并经手术证实的5例患者资料,下腹加压检查和经导尿管注水试验检查作为超声判断有无膀胱破裂的重要检查方法。 结果 5例均为腹膜外型膀胱破裂,彩色多普勒血流显像明确诊断4例,漏诊1例,超声检查是诊断膀胱破裂的有效方法。 结论 彩色多普勒超声可以作为膀胱破裂的首选检查技术。Objective To investigate the value of color doppler flow image (CDFI) in diagnosing bladder rupture, in order to promote the ultrasound diagnosis for the disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of 5 patients with bladder rupture diagnosed by CDFI before operation and confirmed by surgery. Pressing the lower abdomen and injecting water through catheter were the main examination methods for CDFI in diagnosing bladder rupture. Results All the 5 cases were bladder rupture of extraperitoneal type. Four were diagnosed with CDFI, and 1 was misdiagnosed. The ultrasonic examination was an effective technology in diagnosing bladder rupture. Conclusion CDFI may be regarded as the first diagnostic technology for bladder rupture.
ObjectiveTo study the mechanisms of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma and the treatments in the acute phase and the second phase after hemostasis. MethodsRelated domestic and foreign literatures were reviewed. ResultsThe mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma was still not quite clear. In China, spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma was closely related with hepatitis B virus infection. Immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the injuries of small arteries and bleeding. Treatments included conservative therapy, surgical intervention (lobectomy of liver, hepatic artery ligation, packing, and suturing), transarteial embolization, other medications (percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, bio-immunotherapy). ConclusionTransarterial embolization has been shown to be highly effective in achieving immediate hemostasis, and can be used as the basis of phase two comprehensive treatment.
目的 探讨脾切除术后再出血的原因及诊治方法并总结其预防措施。方法 对我院1998年8月至2009年3月收治的11例脾切除术后再出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组11例再出血患者均行急诊再手术治疗,10例治愈,无术后并发症,恢复顺利,切口愈合良好,均拆线出院,术后住院10~21 d(平均15 d); 余1例外伤性脾破裂者术中探查为胃短动脉破裂出血,遂结扎胃短动脉,术后发生胃瘘,经禁食、静脉营养等治疗,效果差,于术后20 d死亡。结论 脾切除术后再出血原因较多,以胃短血管处理不当、脾蒂血管结扎线脱落、胰尾部血管损伤及患者凝血功能障碍为主。脾切除术后出血以预防为主,术前充分做好各项准备,术中止血彻底,术后特别是术后24 h内严密观察腹腔引流液的量、性质及速度。再出血后果严重,一旦发生,应及时准确诊断,行急诊再手术治疗。
目的 探讨原发性肝癌自发性破裂腹腔内出血的临床特点和手术治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1998~2007年收治的53例经手术证实的原发性肝癌自发性破裂腹腔内出血患者的临床资料,结合文献复习进行讨论。结果 53例患者均以突发性腹痛为首发症状,有前期症状者33例,无症状者20例; 有外伤史者(左上腹或季肋区)6例; 有腹膜炎体征46例,腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血41例,合并休克29例。术前误诊16例。行急诊手术48例,施行肝切除33例。术后肝功能不全34例,其中3例死于肝功能衰竭。术后生存3 d~78个月,平均34.6个月。结论 原发性肝癌自发性破裂腹腔内出血多以腹痛为首发,常以血性腹膜炎表现为特点,术前误诊率较高; 手术方式根据病变位置、大小,肿瘤是否局限、转移和肝硬变程度决定。术后近期死亡原因主要是肝功能衰竭,远期死亡原因主要是复发转移。
随着外科技术和围手术期治疗水平日益提高,腹主动脉瘤择期手术治疗死亡率已控制在5%以内[1,2],但破裂腹主动脉瘤(ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm,RAAA)的死亡率一直在40%~70%,如果包括尚未到达医院的RAAA患者,死亡率可达80%~90%,RAAA被美国列为第13位死亡原因[2~4]。目前,及时准确的诊断和快速有效的外科治疗仍是降低RAAA死亡率的关键。......
Objective To investigate the relationship between changes of vascular elasticity and spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We examined the semiquantitatively expression of related angiogenesis factors including von Willebrand factor, elastin and neutrophil elastase in 30 specimens of HCC with spontaneous rupture by immunohistochemistry compared with 30 specimens of HCC without rupture. Results The results showed that there was a significant decrease of von Willebrand factor, overproliferation of elastin and abnormal distribution of neutrophil elastase around the small artery in ruptured HCC. These changes exacerbated weakness of the blood vessels and destroyed function of coagulation. The blood vessels split easily when the vascular load increased from hypertension or minor mechanical trauma. Conclusion The spontaneous rupture of HCC may be related to the vascular dysfunction.
目的 探讨创伤性十二指肠三、四段破裂的外科治疗。 方法 回顾性总结分析我院1992~2002年收治的12例创伤性十二指肠三、四段破裂患者的临床资料。 结果 单纯性损伤3例,合并伤9例。行十二指肠单纯修补1例; 行修补或吻合加下移鼻胃管至十二指肠及空肠造口逆行置管引流减压、空肠造瘘(简称三管减压)8例; 行十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例,11例均治愈; 1例合并糖尿病者,因术后并发肠瘘、电解质紊乱及酮症酸中毒死亡。 结论 小肠系膜根部及横结肠系膜根部血肿的探查是发现十二指肠三、四段破裂的关键。十二指肠修补或吻合加三管减压和十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y 吻合是治疗十二指肠三、四段破裂有效的手术方法。根据伤情选择合理、安全的术式是提高疗效的关键。