Objective To investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol on the cell apoptosis after chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. Methods A total of 90 female Wistar rats (weighing, 220-250 g) received removal of bilateral ovaries. After 2 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30): sham-operation group (group A); chronic gradual spinal cord injury model and 17β-estradiol treatment group (group B); and chronic gradual spinal cord injury model and normal saline treatment group (group C). Rats of group A only received removal of spinous process at T10. Rats of groups B and C were made the models of chronic gradual spinal cord injury, and then 17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg, twice a week) and normal saline were given by peritoneal injection, respectively. The cell apoptosis and positive cells of Caspase-3 were examined by the TUNEL methods and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days after modeling; and the neurological function was evaluated by Tarlov scale and inclined plane test scoring. Results At 14, 28, and 60 days after modeling, Tarlov scale and inclined plane test scores of group B were significantly better than those of group C (P lt; 0.05), but were significantly lower than those of group A (P lt; 0.05). At 28 days after modeling, HE staining showed that the edema of spinal gray matter and the neurons, the proliferation of glial cells and astrocytes, and less pathologic change were observed in group B; and the pathological changes in group B were mitigated than in group C. At 60 days after modeling, edema of spinal gray matter and the neurons was significantly ameliorated in group B. At 14, 28, and 60 days after modeling, the rate of Caspase-3 positive cells in group B was significantly lower than in group C (P lt; 0.05), but was significantly higher than in group A (P lt; 0.05). At 7, 14, 28, and 60 days after modeling, the cell apoptotic rate was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P lt; 0.05), but was significantly higher than in group A (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion 17β-estradiol can reduce the numbers of apoptotic cells and promote the nerve function recovery after chronic spinal cord injury of rats.
Objective It has been shown that pigment epitheliumderived factor (PEDF) is an effective anti-apoptosis agent on several kinds of cells of the central nervous system.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PEDF on pressure induced retinal ischemia in a rat model. Methods Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 45 minutes via an intracameral catheter.Ten microlit ers (0.1 mu;g/mu;l) PEDF was injected into the vitreous of 4 eyes of each group im mediately after reperfusion and 4 additional eyes received only normal saline as vehicle controls.The animals were euthanized at 2 or 7 days after reperfusion.T he effect of PEDF on retinal degeneration was assessed by measuring the thicknes s of the inner retinal layers (MTIRL) and counting the retinal ganglion cells (R GC) on plastic embedded retinal sections. Results The MTIRL and the RGC counting in eyes treated with intravitreal PEDF were significantly higher than those in vehicle controls (118.1plusmn;5.0) mu;m vs(94.9plusmn;3.0) mu;m (Plt;0.05);(6.0plusmn;1.0) cells/100 mu;m vs (4.5 plusmn;0.5) cells/100 mu;m (Plt;0.05) 7 days after reperfusion,respectively． Conclusion Intravitreal administration of PEDF can ameliorate an ischemiareperfusion retinal injury and may be useful to prevent neuronal degeneration in the inner retina. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:138-140)
目的:观察神经保护剂及早期干预联合应用对重症新生儿高胆红素血症神经行为预后的影响。方法:将2007年1月至2008年6月收治重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿67例随机分为常规治疗组和综合治疗组2组。 常规治疗组按照新生儿黄疸干预推荐方案,给与对症治疗;药物治疗;蓝光治疗;周围血管法同步换血等常规治疗。综合治疗组在常规治疗基础上,同时给与新生儿抚触1天2次和神经保护剂神经节苷脂20mg/d×10天,并在经抢救治疗进入恢复期后,按照《0～3 岁早期干预大纲》采用医院和家庭相结合的方式从视,听,触,运动等各方面给予早期干预至6月龄。两组患儿均在6月龄采用北京－Gesell婴幼儿发育诊断量表进行智能测试,比较各组发育商(DQ)。同时对两组后遗症发生机率比较。结果:患儿6月龄时,综合治疗组与常规治疗组在大运动,语言,个人 社交及适应性4个能区均有显著差异(Plt;0.01),精细动作能区有明显差异(Plt;0.05),差别有统计学意义。综合治疗组与常规治疗组后遗症发生率比较(Plt;0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:急性期神经保护剂及早期干预联合应用可促进重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿的智能发育,减少神经行为后遗症的发生。
ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of selective histone deacetylases inhibitor MS-275 on rats after seizures. MethodsA total of 75 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups for treatment:control group,pilocarpine group, treatment group Ⅰ(administered with MS-275, 20mg/kg, once a day,intraperitoneally in 7 consecutive days), treatment group Ⅱ(administered with MS-275, 40mg/kg, once a day, intraperitoneally in 7 consecutive days), MS-275 pretreatment group. We used lithium and pilocarpin to induce seizures. Behaviors of rats in each group were observed. At 72 hours after seizures, Nissl staining and immunohistochemical were respectively used to evaluate the loss of neurons and histone acetylation levels of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in each group. Escape latency in the control group, treatment group Ⅰ, treatment group Ⅱ and MS-275 pretreatment group were longer than pilocarpine group(P<0.05). ResultsCompared with the pilocarpine group, rats in MS-275 pretreatment group could delay pilocarpine-induced seizures and reduce mortality (P<0.05). Degree of neuronal loss and degeneration in both treatment group Ⅰ and treatment group Ⅱ were reduced compared with the pilocarpine group (P<0.05) and the level of histone acetylation in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of the rats were increased compared with the pilocarpine group (P<0.05). ConclusionHDACs inhibitors MS-275 can improve the neuronal damage, histone deacetylation of rats' brain and rats cognitive decline, which can exert an neuroprotective effect on rats after seizures, whose mechanism may be related to its antiinflammatory effect.
ObjectiveTo discuss whether central lymph node dissection (CLND) should be performed for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. MethodsThe related domestic and foreign literatures were retrieved, the necessity of CLND and the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in CLND were reviewed, and the application value of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) in CLND were analyzed. Results① CLND can reduce the recurrence rate of PTC, improve postoperative survival rate, ease the difficulty of reoperation, and help to clarify tumor stage. ② CLND can increase the risk of RLN injury. ③ Application of INOM can decrease the risk of RLN injury. ConclusionsThe application of IONM during CLND effectively decrease the risk of RLN injury for surgeons, especially low seniority surgeons, and improve the survival quality and the prognosis. This combination will promote the implementation of routine CLND therapeutic strategy in thyroid cancer patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of saikosaponin a (SSa) on the levels of immune inflammation in rats with acute spinal cord injury and its possible mechanism.MethodsSeventy-two Sprague Dawley rats (weighing, 220-250 g) were randomly divided into sham operation group (group A), spinal cord injury group (group B), and SSa treatment group (group C) respectively, 24 rats in each group. The spinal cord injury model was induced by using the Allen’s method in groups B and C; the spinous process and vertebral plate at both sides were cut off by lamina excision to expose the spinal cord in group A. The rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg SSa in group C and equal volume of normal saline in group B at immediate after injury. The spinal cord tissue was harvested from 18 rats of each group at 24 hours after operation to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) by ELISA, to detect the expressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) P65, NF-κB P-P65, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) by Western blot and to observe the morphology of spinal cord by HE staining. The motor function of the lower limbs was evaluated by BBB score and tiltboard experiment in 6 rats at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury.ResultsThe BBB score and tiltboard experiment maximum angle were significantly higher in group A than groups B and C at each time point (P<0.05) and in group C than group B at 14, 21, and 28 days after operation (P<0.05). ELISA test showed that the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in group A than groups B and C, and in group C than group B (P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of NF-κB P65, NF-κB P-P65, and AQP4 were significantly lower in group A than groups B and C, and in group C than group B (P<0.05). HE staining demonstrated normal neurons of the spinal cord and no obvious lesion in group A; neuronal cells were observed in the injured area of group B, with hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltration, and nerve cell edema in the injured area; the neuronal cells were visible in the spinal cord of group C, with microglia mild hyperplasia, and the pathological changes were improved when compared with group B.ConclusionSSa has neuroprotective effects on acute spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway and AQP4 protein expression and reducing inflammation response and edema.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of fingolimod (FTY720) on secondary nerve injury after thalamic-ventricle hemorrhage (TH-IVH) in rats.MethodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats (clean animal) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, TH-IVH group, and intervention group (FTY720 group), with 6 rats in each group. TH-IVH model was established in both TH-IVH group and FTY720 group, but only the rats in FTY720 group were treated with FTY720. The observation was conducted at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after modeling. The main observation index included scores of neurological function, change of body weight, water content of brain tissue, the activation of inflammatory cells, the degree of neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, and the level of cell autophagy.ResultsAt the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after modeling, the change of body weight, the neurological score, brain edema and microglia activation in TH-IVH group were statistically different from those in sham group and FTY720 group (P<0.05). The number of degenerated neurons and the number of apoptotic cells in TH-IVH group were statistically different from those in sham group and FTY720 group at the 1st and 3rd day after modeling (P<0.05). The differences in the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ protein expression andBcl-2/Bax expression were statistically significant between FTY720 group and TH-IVH group at the 1st and 3rd day after modeling (P<0.05).ConclusionsFTY720 can improve neurological function of the TH-IVH model in the acute phase, and has certain neuroprotective effect. The neuroprotective effect of FTY720 may be associated with neuronal autophagy and apoptosis regulation and immunosuppression.