目的：总结我们对表现为麻痹性痴呆的晚期神经梅毒的诊治经验。方法：报道4例麻痹性痴呆病例，并复习相关文献。结果和结论：麻痹性痴呆的临床表现复杂多变，早期误诊率高；诊断主要根据临床特点、血清学及脑脊液检查综合考虑；治疗上仍首选水剂青霉素G。
Neurosyphilis is a group of clinical syndromes in which Treponema pallidum invades the nervous system and causes damage to the meninges, blood vessels, brain parenchyma or spinal cord. At present, there is no highly specific and sensitive method for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and its diagnosis mainly depends on clinical manifestations, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and the comprehensive judgment of clinicians. Current studies show that some cytokines and chemokines are promising for laboratory detection of neurosyphilis. This article reviews the research progress of neurosyphilis from the aspects of traditional laboratory testing, polymerase chain reaction testing, cytokine and chemokine testing, and existing diagnostic criteria for neurosyphilis, in order to provide a reference for clinical testing and follow-up research.