目的总结左胸骨旁小切口微创封堵分流方向偏向流出道的室间隔缺损（VSD）的初步经验。 方法2014年2～8月广州医科大学附属第一医院对15例分流方向偏向流出道的VSD患者施行左胸骨旁小切口微创封堵手术，其中男7例，女8例；年龄10个月～19岁（4.5±4.6）岁；体重5.5～54.0（14.6±14.1）kg；其中干下型6例，嵴内型6例，膜周部型3例；缺损直径2.5～6.5（4.0±1.2）mm，距主动脉瓣环距离≤1 mm 9例，≤2 mm4例，>2 mm 2例；合并主动脉瓣右冠瓣轻度脱垂5例；采用左胸骨旁第2或第3肋间1.5～2.5 cm切口，在经食管超声心动图（TEE）监视下在右心室流出道表面选择适当的穿刺点，建立VSD输送轨道并置入封堵器，观察有无残余分流、主动脉瓣反流；术后3个月复查经胸超声心动图。 结果15例均成功封堵，无中转开胸，无残余分流和心律失常，新发主动脉瓣轻微反流2例，围手术期输血1例；手术时间30～120（58±28）min，术中出血量5～200（26±50）ml；术后住院时间3～13（4.3±2.6）d，无二次开胸止血、Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞、主动脉瓣反流加重、溶血、切口感染等并发症；术后3个月返院复查经胸超声心动图13例，无新发主动脉瓣反流和封堵器脱落；2例术中新发主动脉瓣反流加重，其中1例出现残余分流。 结论左胸骨旁小切口封堵分流方向偏向流出道VSD 手术安全、切口小、操作简单，近期效果尚满意；对合并主动脉瓣轻度脱垂VSD 需慎重施行外科微创封堵手术。
ObjectiveTo investigate clinical outcomes and safety of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-guided occlusion of infundibular ventricular septal defect (VSD) via minithoracotomy. MethodsClinical data of 21 pediatric patients with infundibular VSD who underwent TEE-guided occlusion via minithoracotomy in Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from January to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 male and 11 female patients with their age of 8-24 (16±8) months and body weight of 9±3 kg. The size of VSD was 4.5±2.5 mm. TEE was used to evaluate the position of the occluder, its influence on the atrioventricular valves and aortic valve, and the presence of residual shunt. ResultsThere was no perioperative death or complication. VSD occlusion was successfully performed in 20 out of 21 patients (95.2%). One patient received conversion to open VSD repair under extracorporeal circulation because VSD size was too big. Mean time of delivery of occluders was 32±16 minutes, the size of the occluders was 5±3 mm, and length of hospital stay was 6-8 days. All the patients were followed up for 3-6 months after discharge. During follow-up, echocardiography showed clear echo and normal position of the occluders, and there was no mild or more severe residual shunt or valvular regurgitation. ConclusionTEE-guided occlusion of infundibular VSD via minithoracotomy is easy to perform and safe with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
目的探讨在经食管超声心动图（TEE）引导下经胸封堵室间隔缺损（VSD）的临床经验。 方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2014年7月高州市人民医院23例先天性心脏病患儿的临床资料，其中男9例、女14例，年龄4个月至1岁。胸骨下段小切口暴露右心室前壁，在TEE引导和实时监测下，穿刺右心室前壁，建立轨道，通过短输送装置直接将封堵器安放在VSD部位。 结果23例患者全都封堵成功，置入封堵器直径6～10 mm，术后5～11 d出院，随访3～24个月，无残余分流、主动脉瓣反流以及心律失常等并发症。 结论TEE引导下经胸微创封堵婴儿室间隔缺损是一种简单安全的治疗方法。
目的 总结经左胸骨旁途径封堵动脉导管未闭的经验和技术方法。 方法 回顾性分析2013年11月至2014年8月广州医科大学附属第一医院21例动脉导管未闭封堵手术患者的临床资料。其中，男8例、女13例，年龄2～20 （6.7±4.9）岁，体重9～40 （19.3±9.4） kg。取左胸骨旁第2肋间1.5～3 cm切口，在肺动脉主干前上壁缝荷包，在经食管超声心动图（TEE）实时监测引导下利用自制弯形中空探条引导钢丝通过动脉导管建立输送轨道，或将装有封堵伞的输送鞘直接通过动脉导管后释放封堵器。 结果 21例手术均成功完成，无中转开胸及输血，手术时间35～130 （65.2±28.4） min，出血量10～200 （47.8±60.8） ml，术后住院时间2～6 （3.4±1.3） d，术后无封堵器脱落、溶血、肺炎、心律失常、二次开胸、切口感染等并发症，出院前复查未见封堵伞移位、脱落，无明显胸腔积液及心包积液。 结论 经左胸骨旁途径封堵动脉导管未闭安全、切口小、恢复快，为动脉导管未闭患者提供了一种治疗方案。
目的探讨临床应用微创经胸小切口封堵术治疗室间隔缺损（ventricular septal defect，VSD）的初步经验 方法回顾性分析我院心外科2006年4月至2013年12月施行微创经胸小切口封堵术治疗205例VSD患者的临床资料。其中，男112例、女93例，年龄4个月～62（10.2± 12.5）岁，无合并其它心内畸形，术前经胸超声心动图筛查，术中经食管超声心动图监测、引导，胸骨下段小切口或左胸第3肋间胸骨旁小切口行VSD封堵术。术后密切随访病情，定期随访心电图、胸部X线片（后前位+左侧位）、超声心动图。 结果全组患者无死亡。封堵成功200例（97.6%），封堵失败转行体外循环下手术修补5例，术后并发VSD残余漏3例，无新发主动脉瓣及三尖瓣反流、封堵伞脱落、二次开胸、完全性房室传导阻滞、溶血等并发症。 结论微创经胸小切口VSD封堵术安全、有效，技术日臻成熟，临床应用值得推广，但仍需注意团队医师间配合以及指征把握。
ObjectTo evaluate the feasibility of measuring the descending aortic blood flow using transesophageal ultrasound Doppler under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 10 adult patients accepted elective cardiac surgery under CPB in March 2014 year. There were 4 males and 6 females with a mean age of 44.5±12.3 years ranging from 24.5-64.0 years. The descending aorta diameter and velocity time integral (VTI) of blood flow of middle esophageal and lower esophageal of these patients were detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under CPB. We took the formula of classic ultrasound texting the blood flow to calculate the descending aorta blood flow (DABF). At the same time, we recorded the data of CPB and index of hemodynamics. Compared with the flow of CPB pump, we analyzed the correlation between pump flow and the raliability of DABF texting value under CPB. ResultsTwo patients quit the trail for blurred imaging. The quality of blood flow spectrum images aquirded from the middle esophageal were inferior to those from the lower esophageal (P < 0.01) in the 10 patients. Among the patients 90% of DABF from the middle esophageal and 50% of DABF from the lower esophageal were more than pump flow. however, the texting value had an excellence correlation to PF (r=0.795, r=0.825). ConclusionThe classical TEE technique can not obtain accurate blood flow during CPB.
With the development of surgical technology and the need of clinical, transesophageal echocardiography is more and more favored by clinicians. Although the transesophageal echocardiography has developed more than 20 years, yet it has not been widely used in operation at present in domestic. In addition, its application in surgery of children is more rare. It has been confirmed that intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography has good safety and wide range of application. We will summarize indications, complications, and the progress of the current technology from the scope of transesophageal echocardiography in pediatric surgery.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of blocking congenital ventricular septal defect or congenital atrial septal defect through the small vertical incision of right subaxillary. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 38 patients underwent the surgery of blocking congenital ventricular septal defect or congenital atrial septal defect in our hospital from January to August 2015. There were 22 males and 16 females with a mean age of 10.3±5.2 months, weight of 8.2±3.5 kg. ResultsThere were 34 patients (89.5%) successfully blocked through the small vertical cut of right subaxillary. The average blood loss of those 34 patients was 19.5±13.4 ml and the mean time of surgery was 58.4±28.5 minutes. Four patients (10.5%) with ventricular septal defect failed to block because of aortic valve prolapse. Those patients underwent direct repair of ventricular septal defect under extracorporeal circulation while general anesthesia. There was no serious adverse event during the surgery. The extubation time was 3.9±1.6 hours, the ICU monitoring time was 1.8±0.8 days and the hospital stay time was 3.2±0.5 days. All patients discharged uneventfully. ConclusionBlocking congenital ventricular septal defect or congenital atrial septal defect through the cut of right subaxillary is a feasible, effective, safe, and minimally invasive method. The effect of early follow-up is well.
In recent years, transesophageal echocardiography has a trend toward miniaturization, so it has great clinical significance and broad clinical application prospect in the management of Cardiac Surgery ICU patient. This paper presents the characteristics of miniaturized transesophageal echocardiography and its clinical application. And we also focused on the contrast between miniaturized transesophageal echocardiography and standard transesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography.