Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide combined of macular laser grid photocoagulation (IVTA/MLG) versus macular laser grid (MLG) photocoagulation only for treatment of diabetic macular edema. Methods A computerized search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Embase Library, Pubmed, Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on IVTA/MLG and MLG only for treatment of diabetic macular edema were selected. After the data extraction, quality of RCT was assessed. The meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.The outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central foveal thickness (CMT). Results In total, six RCT that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the metaanalysis involving 166 eyes in MLG group and 165 eyes in IVTA/MLG group. The results suggested that there was no significant differences in BCVA (Z=1.27,P=0.20), but differences were statistically significant comparing CMT (Z=2.41,P=0.02), incidence of ocular hypertension and cataract (Z=3.62,P＜0.01) between MLG and IVTA/MLG groups at the six month follow-up. Conclusions There is no significant advantage of IVTA/MLG as compared with MLG,but it could reduce CMT. However, a high-quality, large sample RCT should be further investigated.
Objective To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. Methods A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. Results Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. Conclusion Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
Bone tissue regeneration and blood vessel formation are inseparable. How to realize the vascularization of bone repair scaffolds is an urgent problem in bone tissue engineering. The growth and development, mineralization maturity, reconstruction and remodeling, and tissue regeneration of bone are all based on forming an excellent vascularization network. In recent years, more and more researchers have used hydrogels to carry different cells, cytokines, metal ions and small molecules for in vitro vascularization and application in bone regeneration. Based on this background, this article reviews the hydrogel-based vascularization strategies in bone tissue engineering.