Objective To explore the impact of community healthcare workers’ (CHWs) knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on the influenza vaccination among elderly people. Methods By means of simple random sampling, 1 residential quarter of each communities, 2 communities of each districts, 5 districts of Chengdu city were randomly selected, and the elderly equal to or more than 60-year-old were on-site investigated. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey was conducted among healthcare workers in the selected communities. Results There were 4 KAP factors played a positive role in influenza vaccination among elderly people: CHWs’ affirmation of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, explicitly knowing the focus groups for influenza vaccination, recommendation of vaccination in flu season when the elderly visits, and participation in flu-related education activities. When the accuracy rate of each factor got improved by 1%, the influenza vaccination rate would improve by 2.747%, 1.299%, 0.864%, 0.602%, respectively. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude and practice of HCWs have impacts on the influenza vaccination rates of elderly people. They are significant to improve the influenza vaccination rates of the elderly.
Objective To determine whether statins has some effects on the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases or hyperlipdemia increases bone mineral density （BMD）. Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients aged over 60 were identified in the outpatient-department of Geriatrics of West China Hospital from Jan. 1998 to Aug. 2003. Seventy cases were exposed to statins with follow-up for 5 years. BMD of the spine, femoral neck, femoral wards triangle and femoral trochanter was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The multiple regression analysis was used to exclude potential confounders, e.g. age, BMI, comorbidity,etc. Results Those elderly patients with a history of taking statins had higher BMD, such as femoral neck with t =-2. 466 （P =0. 015）, femoral wards triangle with t =-2. 483 （P = 0. 014 ）and femoral trochanter with t =-2. 743 （P =0. 007 ）than the control elderly at the end of follow-up. Conclusions It has been found that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors （statins ） may prevent bone loss in elderly patients by increasing BMD. Further prospective studies of statins are needed to confirm these observatioris.
Objective To assess the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression in older patients. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1990 to August 2007), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2007), EMbase (1980 to August 2007), and CMB-disk (1990 to August 2007) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which psychotherapy was used to treat depression in older patients. We screened the retrieved studies according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of included studies, and performed meta-analyses by using The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2 software. Results Ten RCTs were included. Compared with placebo, psychotherapy was more effective in decreasing depression score (SMD 0.63, 95%CI – 0.84 to – 0.42). Subgroup analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy, reminiscence therapy, and general psychological therapy were more effective than placebo (SMD – 0.70, 95%CI – 1.12 to – 0.27; SMD – 0.54, 95%CI – 0.81 to – 0.26; SMD – 0.84, 95%CI – 1.34 to – 0.34, respectively). However, psychotherapy as an adjunct treatment could not significantly improve the effectiveness of antidepressant medication (SMD – 0.35, 95%CI – 0.74 to 0.05). There was no significant difference between cognitive-behavioral therapy and reminiscence therapy in improving depression symptoms (SMD 0.13, 95%CI – 0.30 to 0.56). The dropout rate was similar between patients treated with or without psychotherapy (RR 1.03, 95%CI 0.55 to 1.94). Conclusion Various kinds of psychotherapy are effective for depression in older patients. But psychotherapy as an adjunct treatment could not significantly improve the effectiveness of antidepressant medication.
目的 评价参附注射液治疗老年人心力衰竭疗效和安全性。 方法 计算机检索Cochrane图书馆，Medline（1950年－2013年10月），Embase（1980年－2013年10月），中国知网（1979年1月－2013年10月）、万方（1986年1月－2013年10月）、维普（1989年1月－2013年10月）数据库，全面收集参附注射液联用西药常规治疗（试验组）与西药常规治疗疗效（对照组）比较的随机对照试验（RCT），分别由2名研究者根据纳入与排除标准，独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量，采用Revman 5.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入8个研究559例患者，研究质量均为C级。Meta分析结果显示：与对照组比较，试验组临床疗效明显提高、症状改善[RR=1.20，95%CI（1.11，1.29），P＜0.000 01]，左室舒张末期内径减小明显[MD=5.90，95%CI（3.97，7.84），P＜0.000 01]、6 min步行试验距离增加[MD=62.48，95%CI（43.12，81.84），P＜0.000 01]，但左室射血分数两组差异无统计学意义[MD=4.79，95%CI（－0.07，9.65），P=0.05]。 结论 参附注射液与西药常规治疗联用能进一步提高老年心力衰竭患者的临床疗效，且安全性较好。
目的 探讨血浆脑钠肽（BNP）及血清肌钙蛋白I（cTNI）含量改变在老年患者发生充血性心力衰竭时的临床意义。 方法 选择2010年7月－2012年8月住院的各种老年心脏病患者117例，根据纽约心功能分级分为4组（心功能Ⅰ级组、Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组），分别检测血浆BNP、血清cTNI及心肌酶[肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）]进行组间比较，同时与健康老年组进行对比。 结果 ① 老年慢性充血性心力衰竭各组（心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级）血浆BNP水平均高于健康对照组及心功能正常组（心功能Ⅰ级组）；且心功能Ⅳ级组BNP水平＞心功能Ⅲ级组＞心功能Ⅱ级组。各组之间比较差异有统计学意义，但心功能Ⅰ级组与健康对照组血浆BNP水平无明显差异。② 各组之间CK及CK-MB水平差异均无统计学意义。③ 充血性心力衰竭各组（心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级组血清cTNI水平均高于健康对照组及心功能正常组（心功能Ⅰ级组）；且心功能Ⅳ级组cTNI水平＞心功能Ⅲ级组＞心功能Ⅱ级组。各组之间比较差异有统计学意义，而心功能Ⅰ级组及健康对照组血清cTNI水平差异无统计学意义。 结论 血浆BNP水平及血清cTNI水平在老年患者发生心力衰竭时随心力衰竭程度加重而逐渐升高，两者均对慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床诊断具有重要参考意义。
【摘要】 目的 应用调查问卷分析培训前后成都市社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗的认识，为推动社区肺炎球菌疫苗接种奠定基础。 方法 对215名成都市社区医生进行肺炎球菌疾病及预防知识的培训，并在培训前后行问卷调查，回收问卷并分析。 结果 经培训，社区医生提高了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种知识的掌握程度，加深了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种重要性的认识。 结论 对社区医生进行肺炎球菌相关知识的培训，有利于提高社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗接种推荐的专业性和成功率。【Abstract】 Objective To know the community doctors’ understanding of pneumococcal vaccine before and after the education via questionnaire. Methods A total of 215 community doctors in Chengdu were educated in pneumococcal disease and the prevention knowledge. Questionnaire investigation was performed before and after the education and the results were analyzed. Results After the education, the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination of the community doctors was improved. Conclusion The education of the knowledge of pneumococcal vaccine for the community doctors helps to improve the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination.
【摘要】 目的 探讨老年人头面部脉管肉瘤的临床病理学特征。 方法 1996年-2008年对5例老年人头面部脉管肉瘤的临床资料、病理形态学、免疫组织化学染色进行观察，并对其中4例进行了随访。 结果 临床表现主要是头面部发生的瘀斑、溃疡或结节状病变。肿瘤细胞围绕皮肤附件周围排列成交通状吻合的血窦网，衬覆有异型性的内皮细胞，有的区域内皮细胞形成乳头状突起。肿瘤组织内有不同程度的弥漫性出血。肿瘤细胞表达CD34、CD31、Fli-1和FⅧ，部分表达CD117和CK8/18。经随访3例3年内死亡，1例带瘤存活1年余，1例失访。 结论 老年人头面部脉管肉瘤组织形态多样，预后较差，及时诊治十分重要。需要与其他皮肤良性血管病变和低分化癌、恶性黑色素瘤、恶性梭形细胞肿瘤、Kaposi肉瘤等鉴别。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinicopathological features of cutaneous angiosarcoma on the scalp and face in elder patients. Methods The clinical data of five elder patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma on the scalp and face from 1996 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients underwent the light microscopy, pathomorphological examination, and immunohistochemistry. Four patients were followed up. Results Most clinical manifestation was dusky irregular erythematous plaques which were often ulcerated. The tumor was composed of asymmetric collection of angulated and irregular vascular spaces infiltrating between collagen bundles. Endothelial cells attaching to the vascular spaces had hyperchromatic irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Hemorrhage was another histologic feature. Positive expression of CD34,CD31,Fli-1 and FⅧ were found in tumor cells, and expression of CD117 and CK8/18 was found in some of the patients. In the follow-up duration, three patients died in three years, and one failed to be followed up. Conclusion Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp and face has various histomorphology and poor prognosis, which should be diagnosed and treated in time. It should be distinguished from benign cutaneous hemangioma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma and malignant spindle cell tumor.
目的 探讨老年人结肠脾曲综合征的诊治方法。方法 对1993年9月至2003年9月收治的22例老年人结肠脾曲综合征患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 临床表现为便秘伴腹痛、腹胀、消瘦、头痛、头晕、心悸、腹膜炎等； X线钡剂灌肠造影检查示结肠脾曲过高、迂曲成角，甚至扭转，可伴有横结肠冗长。行横结肠与降结肠侧侧吻合术，切除冗长结肠，随访2～8年，疗效满意。结论 对老年结肠脾曲综合征患者，钡剂灌肠检查应是常规检查，一旦确诊，应手术治疗。
目的总结老年胃癌的临床特点及围手术期处理经验。方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月至2003年1月间共收治的370例老年胃癌患者的临床资料。结果370例老年胃癌中290例（78.4%）伴有高血压、心脏病、糖尿病等老年常见病； 术后发生并发症110例次，死亡16例； 手术前有共存病者术后并发症的发生率（34.5%）明显高于无共存病者（12.5%），P＜0.01。结论加强围手术期处理是降低老年胃癌患者并发症和死亡率的关键。