【Abstract】Objective To investigate the contribution of occupational exposure to dusts / gases / fumes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) and respiratory symptoms in China. Methods Based on the crosssectional survey of COPD which was conducted in urban and rural areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong,Liaoning, Tianjin, Chongqing and Shanxi for residents aged 40 years or older, the association between the occupational exposure to dusts/ gases/ fumes and COPD and respiratory symptoms was analyzed. The recruited populations were interviewed with questionnaire and were tested with spirometry. The post-bronchodilators FEV1 /FVC lt; 70% was used as diagnostic criteria of COPD. Having any cough, sputum, wheezing and dyspnea was defined as having respiratory symptoms. Results The prevalence of occupational exposure to dusts/ gases /fumes was 20. 5% . As shown by multiple-variables Logistic regression analyses, occupational exposure to dusts / fumes /gases [ OR = 1. 20 ( 1. 04, 1. 39) ] and dusts of grain [ 1. 48 ( 1. 18, 1. 86) ] were associated with COPD;occupational exposure to dusts / fumes / gases [ OR = 1. 37( 1. 25, 1. 49) ] , hard-rock mining [ OR = 2. 31( 1. 67,3. 20) ] , coal mining [ OR = 1. 71( 1. 09, 2. 70) ] , dusts of cement [ OR = 1. 92( 1. 47, 2. 52) ] , chemical or plastics manufacturing [ OR =1. 58( 1. 37, 1. 83) ] , spray painting [ OR= 1. 46( 1. 16, 1. 84) ] , and other dusts or fumes [ OR = 1. 46 ( 1. 29, 1. 64 ) ] were associated with the respiratory symptoms. Smoking and occupational exposure to dusts / gases / fumes had synergic effects on the increasing risk of respiratory symptoms. The populationattributable risk ( PAR) of exposure to dusts / gases / fumes was 3. 94% and 7. 05% for COPD and respiratory symptoms respectively. Conclusions Occupational exposure to dusts /gases /fumes is associated with COPD and respiratory symptoms. Smoking and occupational exposure to dusts/ gases /fumes may have synergic effects on respiratory symptoms.
目的 了解医院内血源性职业暴露高风险人群，有针对性采取防护措施，降低血源性职业暴露的发生率。 方法 对2008年1月－2011年12月四川省妇幼保健院52例血源性职业暴露医务人员，按照暴露人群、暴露方式、暴露病种、暴露地点的不同进行调查分析。 结果 52例职业暴露人群中护士27例（占51.9%）；产房和手术室为高发职业暴露场所，共32例，分别为17例（占32.7%）和15例（占28.8%）；职业暴露病种主要为乙型肝炎，共27例（占51.9%）；暴露方式主要为针刺伤，共37例（占71.2%）。 结论 提高医务人员职业防护意识，规范操作流程，加强自身防护是减少职业暴露的根本所在。
目的:探讨口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素,提高防护意识,减少职业暴露。方法:通过2007年1月至2008年12月对口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素进行回顾性调查分析。结果:易造成口腔科医务人员职业暴露的危险因素有:生物方面因素、物理方面因素、化学方面因素、环境方面因素。结论:加强学习和培训,提高防护意识。完善防护制度,严格执行操作规程,落实标准预防措施,加强监督管理,是减少职业暴露的关键。
ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors and protective measures of the occupation exposure of probationer nurses in operation room. MethodsThe self-designed questionnaire was used to reveal the risk factors and protective measures of occupation exposure in probationer nurses worked at the operating room during January 2011 and December 2013. ResultsThe female probationer nurses in operating room accounted for 97.7%; the probationer nurses from the secondary specialized school accounted for 53.1%. All the nurses didn't received any occupational protection knowledge training in schools. The practical nurses who failed to follow the regulate operation accounted for 76.8%. The occupational exposure occurred in 457 nurses during the period, which accounted for 44.7% of all the probationer nurses surveyed; the biological occupational exposure accounted for 38.5%. ConclusionTo strengthen the occupation safety education of operation room nurses, strictly regulate the operation procedures, establish the consummation protection measures and regulations, and strengthen their self-protection awareness can effectively reduce the occupation exposure injury in the probationer nurses in operation room.
ObjectiveTo know the status and risk factors of occupational exposure in a top-class hospital in Sichuan, and provide the basis for occupational safety and protective measures. Methods"Hospital Medical Staff Occupational Exposure Registration Form" was used in this retrospective study. Statistical analysis was performed on medical workers' exposure data between January 2011 and June 2014 in a top-class hospital in Sichuan Province. ResultsA total of 139 cases of occupational exposures were recorded in some of the medical staff. There were more females than males. Nurses had the most exposures (70.5%), and the exposure sources were mainly human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus (27.9% and 21.0%, respectively). The exposure type was mainly sharp injury (84.2%). Exposure occurred mainly in surgery (47.5%), and different job or places had different exposure types with significant differences (χ2=12.683, 20.897, P<0.05). Sharp injury was mainly caused by the scalp needle and syringe, and the injured sites were mainly upper limbs (98.3%). However, exposure to blood and body fluids occurred mainly on upper limbs (54.5%) or face (45.5%). ConclusionOccupational exposures are mainly sharp injuries, especially in surgeries. Women, nurses or medical staff with low qualifications had the highest exposure risk. Thus, occupational safety and protection training should be strengthened.