It is one of the priorities of the new round of healthcare reform to develop regional healthcare alliances through vertically integrating resources. This paper reviews the framework and characteristics of Shanghai’s healthcare system, and then analyzes its strengths and weaknesses, underscoring Shanghai’s exploration in the vertical integration of medical resources as a response to the pressing issues in healthcare. The paper outlines the main tasks and groundwork of the Shanghai healthcare alliance initiative and gives an outlook on the expected outcomes. It ends with some thoughts on the problems and challenges confronting regional healthcare alliances in Shanghai.
Objective To analyze the effects and recurrence rate of single miconazole and the miconazole plus living preparation of lactobacillus for the treatment of the uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2008) MEDLINE (1966 to January 2009); PubMed (1966 to January 2009); EMbase (1966 to January 2009); CNKI (1966 to January 2009), and the Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM) (1966 to January 2009) to identify randomized controlled trials of single miconazole versus the miconazole plus living preparation of lactobacillus.The quality of the included trials was assessed. RevMan 5 software was used to conduct meta–analysis. Results Eight trials involving 5 156 patients were included in the effect analysis. Meta-analysis showed miconazole plus with living preparation of lactobacillus was better compared with just miconazole (RR=0.96, 95%CI 0.92 to 1.00, Z=2.12, P=0.03; RR=0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.99, Z=2.17, P=0.03).Seven trials involving 4 852 patients were included in recurrence rate analysis. Meta-analysis showed miconazole plus living preparation of lactobacillus had lower recurrence rate compared with single miconazole (RR=3.72, 95%CI 1.94 to 7.13, Z=3.97, Plt;0.000 1; RR=12.85, 95%CI 8.27 to 19.96, Z=11.37, Plt;0.000 01). Conclusion Currently available evidence shows that the effect in the combined group is better, and the recurrence rate is lower.
目的 评估替比夫定与阿德福韦酯联合治疗优化阿德福韦酯单药治疗应答不佳的阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。 方法 选择2008年6月－2009年8月间共26例阿德福韦酯治疗至少12个月且病毒学应答不佳的乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg），阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者，在10 mg阿德福韦酯治疗的基础上，加用600 mg替比夫定。肝功能和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV） DNA每3个月评估1次，乙型肝炎两对半和腹部B型超声每半年评估1次。 结果 在第1年的治疗期间，所有患者血清HBV DNA水平均呈进行性下降，其中24例（92.3%）血清HBV DNA水平在联合治疗12个月时低于检测值下限，有25例（96.2%）患者丙氨酸转氨酶水平复常。治疗6个月时，分别有7例（26.9%）和2例（7.7%）患者发生HBeAg消失和血清学转换；治疗12个月时，分别有11例（42.3%）和8例（30.8%）患者发生HBeAg消失和血清学转换。整个治疗期间，26例患者均未出现病毒学突破。 结论 阿德福韦酯单药治疗应答不佳时，加用替比夫定可有效控制病毒，使患者获得较好的病毒学、生化学和免疫学应答。Objective To evaluate the curative efficacy of telbivudine combined with defovir dipivoxil on positive-HBeAg chronic hepatitis B patients with suboptimal response to adefovir dipivoxil. Methods A total of 26 HBeAg-positive patients with suboptimal response to adefovir dipivoxil (treated with adefovir dipivoxil for more than 12 months) were treated with adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg in addition to telbivudine 600 mg between June 2008 and August 2009. Liver function and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA tests were assessed at the baseline and 3-month intervals, whereas HBV serological markers and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out every 6 months. Results During the first year of treatment, all patients showed a progressive decline of serum HBV DNA levels; while undetectable serum HBV DNA and normalization of alanine aminotransferase was achieved in 24(92.3%) and 25 (96.2%) patients, respectively, at the end of the first year of treatment. The 6- and 12-month cumulative rates of HBeAg loss were 26.9% (7/26) and 42.3% (11/26), respectively; and corresponding cumulative rates of HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion were 7.7% (2/26) and 30.8 (8/26), respectively. During the observation period, no virological breakthrough was detected. Conclusion Telbivudine combined with defovir dipivoxil may be a good choice for patients with suboptimal response to adefovir dipivoxil, which could induce effective viral inhibition and help patients obtain more virological, biochemical and immunological responses.
Objective To evaluate the possibility of detection mutations of 〖JP2〗multiple genes in stool for secondary screening for colorectal cancer. Methods Tumor specimens and stool samples from 40 patients with colorectal cancer and 40 normal persons were examined for mutations of p53, K-ras and APC gene by polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and silver nitrate staining. Results ①The mutation rate of p53, K-ras and APC gene in the tissues and stools of colorectal cancer respectively were 57.50%, 50.00%, 60.00% and 42.86%, 40.00%, 51.43%, and no mutations were found in normal mucosa and stool. ②The mutation ratioes between multiple gene and single gene had significant difference (P＜0.05). ③The sensitivities had no significant difference between faecal occult blood test (FOBT) and multiple gene mutations detection in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, but the specificity of the latter was higher than FOBT (P＜0.05). Conclusion Detection of multiple gene mutations in stool is a vauble method in the secondary screening for colorectal cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To study the clinical application of laparoscopic operation. Methods The clinical findings from 13 840 cases of laparoscopic surgery in this hospital from 1992 to 2005 were reviewed retrospectively.Results Laparoscopic operation were performed successfully in 13 653（98.6%）,187 cases were transferred to open operation. Complications were occurred in 115 cases, including common bile duct injury in 3 cases. Combined treatment with laparoscope and endoscope were performed in 162 cases. Eleven thousand three hundred and fiftytwo patients had been succeeded in followup survey. Over 90.0 percent of patients recovered smoothly. Conclusion Laparoscopic operation may be applied in a more extensive scope. The major complications can be reduced by strict procedures of laparoscopic operation. The combined treatment of laparoscope and endoscope should be further studied and widely used.
近40年来，胰腺移植在基础和临床研究方面都获得了令人振奋的长足进步。据国际胰腺移植登记中心（IPTR）记录，全球已实施了18 900余例胰腺移植（截至2002年10月），其中绝大多数在美国（近14 000例），约90%为胰肾联合移植（SPK）。迄今为止，SPK被公认是治疗糖尿病合并肾功能衰竭的最有效的方法。据报道，胰腺移植受体1年生存率超过95%，3年生存率接近90%； 移植胰腺有功能（患者不依赖胰岛素）者的1年和3年生存率分别为83%和77%。
目的 探讨腹部刀刺伤的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性总结分析147例腹部刀刺伤患者的临床资料。结果1 47例患者中，腹腔脏器从伤口脱出43例，其中大网膜脱出39例，小肠脱出1例，胃脱出1例，结肠脱出2例。伴失血性休克28例。全组病例中行剖腹探查手术139例，伤口清创缝合8例； 治愈145例，死亡2例。结论 腹部刀刺伤合并休克，有大网膜及腹腔脏器外脱，腹痛伴腹膜炎体征，诊断性腹腔穿刺阳性均是手术指征。臀部刀刺伤要警惕损伤腹腔脏器。合并胸部伤或发生胸腹联合伤时，除有心脏大血管损伤外，原则上应先剖腹，术前置胸腔引流观察胸腔出血、漏气情况，改善呼吸。