ObjectiveTo explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) complicated with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). MethodsThe clinical data of 11 cases of SMAS patients complicated with WE were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOf 9 SMAS patients complicated with WE, 8 patients were gradually awake and the time of consciousness recovery was from 7 d to 9 weeks (mean 5.2 weeks). Another 1 patient died of multiple organ failure attributed to severe condition. The symptoms of ophthalmopegia and ataxia in the rest 2 patients improved. All of symptoms such as ataxia, nystagmus, tinnitus, nausea, and sweating gradually disappeared. The nystagmus disappeared from 3 h to 4 d (mean 2.3 d) in five patients and the ataxia disappeared from 3 d to 12 weeks (mean 7.0 weeks) in 4 patients. The tinnitus, nausea, and sweating in 6 patients disappeared within 1 week. ConclusionImproving the understanding of SMAS complicated with WE is important during clinical practice and early diagnosis and intervention is the key point for a good prognosis.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect the spreading scope of rectal cancer to mesorectum by RT-PCR using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA as a marker and to investigate the excision scope of mesorectum in resection of rectal cancer. MethodsForty specimens from 40 rectal cancer patients who underwent curative operation was employed to detect the metastatic deposits scattered in the mesorectum by RT-PCR using CEA as a marker. ResultsNine of 40 (22.5%) specimens contained metastatic deposits scattered in the mesorectum. The metastasis was just within the range of 4cm mesorectum under the verge of tumor. The tumor spreading to mesorectum is correlated with Dukes stages，the infiltrated depth of bowel wall, tumor differentiation and tumor type(P＜0.05), and is not correlated with the size of tumor and the level of CEA(Pgt;0.05). ConclusionThe excision of mesorectum should be within the range of 5cm under the verge of tumor in surgical management of rectal cancer.
Objective To review the CT appearances and important differential diagnoses of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms. Methods By describing the mesenteric anatiomy and major routes for the dissemination of metastatic mesenteric tumors, the article presents both the common and rare types of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms, and addresses the characteristic CT appearances and important aspects of the differential diagnosis. Results CT study, especially the multislice spiral CT (MSCT), along with the clinical history and other related information, can nicely depict various mesenteric tumors and well differentiate them from infectious, inflammatory or vascular processes affecting the mesentery. Conclusion CT is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of tumors of small bowel mesentery.
目的 评价全直肠系膜切除术在直肠癌手术中的价值。方法 回顾性分析148例中下段直肠癌接受全直肠系膜切除术的情况。结果 148例平均失血150 ml（50～600 ml），平均手术时间4.3 h，保肛103例（69.6%），其中Dixon术96例，改良Bacon术7例。术后发生吻合口漏3例（2.9%），全组发生切口感染（包括会阴切口、造瘘口）5例（3.4%）。随访2年以上的病例117例，局部复发8例（6.8%），其中保肛86例中局部复发2例（2.3%），非保肛31例中局部复发6例（19.4%），无尿潴留及性功能丧失，无手术死亡。结论 全直肠系膜切除术使直肠癌患者更容易达到治愈，局部控制及保留括约肌，保留性功能和膀胱功能的标准，且出血少，不增加手术时间及吻合口漏和切口感染。
ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomical mark of attachment edge in mesorectal tail and the effect of its morphologic distribution in performing total mesorectal excision (TME). MethodsThe gross specimens of 220 consecutive patients with the middlelower rectal cancer were collected by a group of surgeons.Patients were divided into two groups.①Group in saving sphincter. Ⅰa group, low anterior resection (LAR): 81 patients with lesions between 5 and 6 cm from the anal verge underwent LAR ; Ⅰb group, anterior resection (AR): 68 patients with lesions between 7 and 8 cm from the anal verge underwent AR.②Group in resecting sphincter. Abdominoperineal resection (APR): 71 patients with lesions between anal verge and 5 cm from the anal verge underwent APR. Results①The circular edge of mesorectal tail is attached on rectal wall of 1 cm above anal hiatus of levators,which level parallels the lower margin of lower rectal cancer.In order to reset distal rectal wall of 2 and 3 cm,undergoing LAR must avoid injuring rectal wall when dissecting muscular vessel of rectum continue along the levators fascia to the anal hiatus.②The attachment morphology of mesorectal tail is a circular flake and not circular linear in shape. There are a little of fat tissue between posterior rectal wall and mesorectal tail,the length of its longitudinal attachment is (1.269±0.171) cm (81 cases in LAR group and 71 cases in APR gourp).Because the distal resective margin of rectum undergoing AR just locate in area of flake attachment of mesorectum, removing mesorectum around rectal wall must avoid injuring the rectal wall. Conclusion The mesorectal tail is a circular flake and attaches on rectal wall of 1.0 cm above anal hiatus of levatorani.Undergoing LAR or AR must avoid to injure rectal wall,which may result in leakage of anastomosis when removing mesorectal tissuce around distal rectal wall.
Objective To assess the feasibility and adequacy of Harmonic Scalpel in a totally laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) and low,ultralow,colo-anal anastomoses for rectal cancer. Methods Excision of the mesorectum and low，ultralow site anastomoses were performed laparoscopically on 30 patients with low rectal cancer based on the concept of TME. Results All 30 TME were successfully completed by laparoscopic approach, and no one was converted to open procedures. A cholecystectomy and/or an ovariotomy were meanwhile performed laparoscopically for 3 patients with rectal cancer,and 1 patient with chronic cholesyctitis, gallstone,ovarian cyst and torsion of the ovary. The operation time was 155 min (115-320 min). Operative blood loss was 20 ml (5-80 ml).The time of bowel function returned and the time to resume postoperative diet was 1-2 days after the operation. Fourteen patients had postoperative analgesic requirement. Average hospital stay was 8 days (5-14 days) and there were no intraoperative and postoperative complications in all 30 patients.Conclusion Laparoscopic excision of the mesorectum and low,ultralow,coloanal anastomoses with Harmonic Scalpel for low rectal cancer is a perspective minimally invasive technique, which is feasible, safe, effective and has dramatic high rates of sphincter preservation with decreased postoperative pain, rapid recovery.