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find Keyword "肾上腺素" 27 results
  • Atypical Adrenal Phaeochromocytoma: A Retrospective Clinical Study

    Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical information of a series of patients with atypical adrenal phaeochromocytoma in order to improve the diagnosis of atypical phaeochromocytoma. Methods Ninety patients diagnosed pathologically as adrenal phaeochromocytoma from January 1998 to December 2004 in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College were included in the study. Patients with phaeochromocytoma were classified into the typical group and atypical group based on their clinical manifestations. The differences were analyzed between the two groups in terms of patient age, tumor location and maximal diameter, incidence of hypertension, and plasma catecholamine level. Results About 24.4% (22/90) of the patients with phaeochromocytoma were classified as atypical. There was no significant difference in the maximal tumor diameter between the two groups. The plasma norepinephrine level of the atypical group was significantly lower than that of the typical group (P=0.001), and the positive rate of plasma norepinephrine of the atypical group was also lower than that of the typical group (P=0.003). Conclusion  Compared with typical phaeochromocytoma, atypical phaeochromocytoma is associated with a lower plasma norepinephrine level. The size of adrenal tumor cannot contribute to the diagnosis of atypical phaeochromocytoma. Based on atypical manifestations, CT examination results, and plasma catecholamine level, most atypical phaeochromocytoma should be diagnosed correctly.

    Release date:2016-08-25 03:36 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The Influence of Norepinephrine on Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness by Passive Leg Raising during Septic Shock

    ObjectiveTo explore the influence of norepinephrine on the prediction of fluid responsiveness by passive leg raising (PLR) during septic shock. MethodsForty-six septic shock patients in intensive care unit of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were prospectively observed from September to November 2012. Among which 36 septic shock patients were enrolled with a positive PLR test (defined by an increase in stroke volume index ≥10%). A PLR test was performed at baseline (PLR1). A second PLR test (PLR2) was performed at returning to supine position for 10 min and the dose of norepinephrine was increased to maintain MAP ≥65 mmHg for 20 min. The changes of heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),cardiac index(CI),stroke volume index(SVI),index of systemic vascular resistance(SVRI),global end-diastolic volume index(GEDVI),and cardiac function index(CFI) were monitored by transpulmonary thermodilution technique (PiCCO). ResultsPLR1 significantly increased SVI by (20.54±9.63)%,CI by (20.57±9.89)%,MAP by (7.64±5.77)%,and CVP by (25.83±23.39)%. As the dose of norepinephrine increased,SVI was increased by (16.97±9.06)%,CI by (16.78±8.39)%,GEDVI by (9.08±4.47)%,MAP by (28.07±12.48)%,and CVP by (7.86±8.52)%. PLR2 increased SVI by (13.74±8.79)%,CI by (13.79±9.08)%,MAP by (2.93±5.06)%,and CVP by (13.36±14.74)%. The PLR2 and the dose increase of norepinephrine augmented SVI to a significantly lesser extent than the PLR1 performed at baseline (both P<0.05). However,SVI increased by <10% in 6 patients while the baseline PLR was positive in these patients. ConclusionIn septic patients with a positive PLR at baseline,norepinephrine increases cardiac preload and cardiac output and influences the fluid responsiveness.

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:31 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • MEASURING CONDITIONS OF HUMAN HEPATIC α1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS WITH RADIOLIGAND BINDING ANALYSIS

    To quantitatively measure the α1-adrenergic receptors and select the suitable conditions of receptor-ligand binding assay. Radioligand binding analysis was used to measure the concentration of α1-adrenergic receptors, and the measuring conditions were selected, respectively. Under the selected conditions, the α1-adrenergic receptors in lier plasma membranes of 8 nonhepatopathy subjects were measured.Under such suitable conditions as 3H-prazosin concentration 0.1-2.0nmol/L, incubating temperature 37℃, reaction time 20 minutes and seperating free ligand from system with double layer of filter paper, the binding of 3H-prazosin to α1receptors from 8 nonhepatopathy subjects were saturable with a high affinity. The Bmax, Kd, RMC and Hill coefficient were 142.1±14.1 fmol per milligram of protein, 0.2382±0.0548 nM, 739.0±167.6 fmol per gram of liver and 0.90±0.03, respectively.The suitable conditions may be very important for measuring α1-adrenergic receptors in human liver plasma membranes, which should be considered in hepatopathy studies.

    Release date:2016-08-29 03:18 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • DECREASED GLUCONEOGENESIS OF THE LIVER IN BILIARY SEPSIS AND ITS EFFECT ON SOME RELATED HORMONES

    By perfusing livers from Wistar rats rendered sepsis with acute obstructive cholangitis(AOC)in vitro in a nonrecirculating mode,we measured the rates of gluconeogenesis from saturating concentration of lactate (5 mmol/L) plus pyruvate (05 mmol/L) and the response of gluconeogenesis to glucagon and epinephrine.We also studied the AOC induced alterations in the milieu of gluconeogenic (glucagon,epinephrine and cortisol) and conterregulatory (insulin) hormones.The results showed the rate of gluconeogenesis of AOC 24 h.group was significantly reduced and this reduction could be compensated by increases of glucose precursors,especially lactate and of gluconeogenic hormones to a serum glucose level as much as 2.5 times the normal which is needed in stress reaction.The rate of gluconeogenesis of AOC 48 h.was further decreased and this decrease could not be compensated probably as a result of severe damage to hepatocytes. The results indicate that the reduced glucose metabolic response due to AOC may play an important role in the development of cholangitisinduced dysfunction of multiple organs.

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  • The Impact of Norepinephrine on Pulmonary Vein in Treating Septic Shock

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:23 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The Comparison of Vasoactive Effects of Norepinephrine and Dopamine on Isolated Rabbit Pulmonary and Systemic Arteries by LPS Pre-incubation

    Objective To compare the vasoactive effects of norepinephrine( NE) and dopamine of different doses on isolated rabbit pulmonary and systemic arteries in septic shock. Methods Six paired pulmonary and systemic arterial rings were prepared fromsix rabbits, and matched randomly assigned into a normal group and a LPS group. The assigned groups were intervened by different doses of NE. Another six paired pulmonary and systemic arterial rings were prepared from another six rabbits. They were assigned to different groups as above and intervened by different doses of dopamine. The LPS groups were pre-incubated in RPMI mediumsupplemented with4 μg/mL LPS to simulate septic shock. The tension of arterial rings was measured and its response to NE and dopamine were studied. Results ( 1) In the normal groups, the contraction of the systemic arteries was ber than the pulmonary arteries in response to low,middle dose of NE, and high dose of dopamine ( all P lt; 0. 05) , and which was weaker in response to middle dose of dopamine and similar in response to high dose of NE( P gt;0. 05) . Both the pulmonary and systemic arteriesrelaxed in response to low dose of dopamine. ( 2) After LPS pre-incubation, the contraction of the systemic arteries was weaker than the pulmonary arteries in response to low dose of dopamine ( P lt;0. 05) , and which was similar in response to low,middle and high dose of NE, and middle, high dose of dopamine. ( 3) Comparing the LPS groups with the normal groups, the contraction in response to middle dose of dopamine increased in the systemic arteries and dreased in the pulmonary arteries ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusions In septic shock, the vasoactive effect of different doses of NE is not different between pulmonary and systemic arteries. But middle dose of dopamine can increase the contraction of systemic arteries and decrease the contraction of pulmonary arteries.

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:53 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 泛素化在β2 肾上腺素能受体减敏中的作用

    一直以来β2 受体激动剂在支气管哮喘的防治领域起着非常突出的作用, 但是由于长期重复使用后可致β2 肾上腺素能受体( β2 -adrenergic receptor, β2 AR) 减敏, 导致临床使用受到很大的限制。虽然现在已经开发出了长效的β2 受体激动剂, 但是也可因同样的原因需同时使用糖皮质激素以避免其可能的减敏 , 因此探讨β2 AR 减敏的机制就显得尤为必要。泛素系统包括泛素、多种酶、26S 蛋白酶体等, 细胞内许多蛋白都通过泛素化参与生命活动。有研究显示β2 AR 的泛素化与其内化和降解有关。本文就β2 AR 减敏的可能机制作一综述。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:55 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 血管升压药物在感染性休克中的应用

    “拯救脓毒症运动”提出通过液体复苏和应用血管升压药物等手段尽早恢复中心静脉压、平均动脉压及中心静脉血氧饱和度等指标, 以此改善重症感染与感染性休克患者氧供应与氧需求的失衡状态, 并最终达到降低病死率的目的[ 1] 。该运动同时提出去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺可作为血管升压药物的首选[ 2] , 但目前关于哪种升压药物更好仍无定论[ 3, 4] 。近期有大量关于各种血管升压药物的应用及比较的研究报道, 对临床工作有较大的启示作用。

    Release date:2016-09-13 04:07 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The Role of Local Embedding Intervention of Anti-nerve Growth Factor Microspheres in Pathogenesis of Asthma

    Objective Using nerve growth factor ( NGF) and anti-NGF microspheres injected directly into the asthmatic rat adrenal gland, to explore the possible role of anti-NGF microsphere treatment in asthma.Methods 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, an asthma group, a NGF microspheres group, and an anti-NGF microspheres group. The behavior of rats, lung function testing, light microscopy of lung biopsy, electron microscopy of adrenal medulla cell ultrastructure changes, NGF and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase ( PNMT) expressions in the adrenal gland were assayed by immunohistochemistry method, and serum NGF, cortisol, corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were detected by ELISA. Results Behavior in the asthma rats showed varying degrees of sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, scratching the head and face, irritability holes, incontinence, increased aggression and other acts, while in the anti-NGF rats showed relatively slighter symptoms. The rats in the asthma, anti-NGF and NGF groups showed significant airway hyperresponsiveness, while RL value reduced and Cdyn value increased in the anti-NGF group compared with the asthma group. HE staining of lung tissue revealed obvious bronchoconstriction, inflammatory cell infiltration around small vessels and alveolar spaces and in interstitum, bronchial epithelial cells desquamation in the asthma group. In anti-NGF group, tracheal epithelium was relatively complete, inflammatory exudation, bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltration were milder compared to the asthma group. Electron microscopy showed vacuolated changes of adrenal medulla cells, uneven distribution of chromaffin granules in the asthma group and the NGFgroup, and the quantity and concentration of chromaffin granules were significantly lower than normal. There were villous clubbing processes on the adrenal medulla cell membrane in the NGF group. While the anti-NGF group had no significant vacuolar changes in chromaffin granules and the concentration was close to normal. Image analysis showed that mean gray values of PNMT and NGF in the anti-NGF group were significantly different fromthe asthma group. The ELISA results showed that: ( 1) The average concentrations of epinephrine in each group were as follows, ie. the control group gt; anti-NGF group gt; asthma group gt; NGF group. ( 2) The average concentrations of norepinephrine in each group were as follows, ie. the NGF group gt; asthma group gt; anti-NGF group gt; control group. ( 3) There was no significant difference among the groups in the average concentration of cortisol. ( 4) The average concentrations of norepinephrine in each group were as follows, ie. , the control group gt; anti-NGF group gt; asthma group gt; NGF group. Conclusions Local embedding of anti-NGF microspheres can alleviate inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue and improve lung function of rat model with asthma. The mechanismmay be the anti-NGF antagonists the NGF receptor and reverse adrenal medulla cell transdifferentiation process primined by NGF.

    Release date:2016-09-13 03:51 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Dopamine versus Norepinephrine for Septic Shock: A Systemic Review

    Objective To systemically review the efficacy and safety of dopamine versus norepinephrine in patients with septic shock. Methods Database searches of MEDLINE, EMbase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, VIP, CNKI, and CBM (from the date of database establishment to June 2011) were conducted. Additional studies for collecting relevant data were retrieved via both references of articles and direct contact with authors. Prospectively, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dopamine compared with norepinephrine therapy in septic shock patients were selected. The quality of included trials was assessed and relevant data were extracted. Then statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1. Results Nine trials with 3 179 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed: compared with norepinephrine, dopamine was associated with a significant 12% elevation in the risk ratio of in-hospital death events of septic shock patients (RR=1.12, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.21, P=0.002). The risk of arrhythmias in dopamine group was 2.63-fold than that in norepinephrine group (RR=2.63, 95%CI 1.51 to 4.55, P=0.000 6). The cardiac index of septic patients in dopamine group was higher than that in norepinephrine group (MD=0.42, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.63, Plt;0.000 1). No significant difference could be found in the heart rate (MD=17.05, 95%CI –0.71 to 34.81, P=0.06) and mean arterial pressure (MD= –0.87, 95%CI –24.97 to 7.62, P=0.30). Conclusion Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that compared with dopamine, norepinephrine significantly reduces both 28-day mortality of septic shock patients and incidence rate of arrhythmias. Norepinephrine is better than dopamine in aspects of efficacy and safety.

    Release date:2016-09-07 10:59 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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