目的总结1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者的诊治过程。 方法对1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者的临床资料、辅助检查资料及治疗效果进行分析，并进行文献复习。 结果1例非肝移植胆管铸型患者经生化检查、胆胰管水成像（MRCP）、上腹部CT等检查诊断为胆囊结石伴胆囊炎、胆总管结石伴低位胆管梗阻。采取开腹胆道探查、胆道镜检查取石、胆囊切除、T管引流手术治疗。术中见胆囊缩小，与周围大网膜膜性粘连，肝十二指肠韧带水肿，胆总管扩张呈充盈状态。胆道镜下见肝内外胆管轻度扩张，肝外胆管壁炎性水肿较重，大量纤维素附着；胆总管末端通畅，可见胰管开口，进而诊断为胆胰合流异常。以胆道镜从胆总管内取出1枚结石，约2.0 cm×1.5 cm×1.0 cm大，质硬，表面光滑；另取出1枚胆管铸型，约3.5 cm×0.3 cm×0.3 cm大，质脆易碎，表面粗糙。该患者的手术顺利，切除胆囊术后病理学检查示慢性胆囊炎改变。术后恢复良好，未出现胆汁漏、出血等并发症。术后随访1年，复查上腹部CT提示无结石复发，肝功能各项指标均正常。 结论非肝移植胆管铸型较少见，胆胰合流异常是非肝移植胆管铸型和胆管结石形成的原因之一。胆道镜是清除胆管铸型和观察胆管内结构的重要工具。
ObjectiveTo discuss the relation between bile duct anastomotic stricture and bile duct injury by endo-scopic observation following liver transplantation and it, s efficacy of endoscopic treatment. Method The clinical data of 24 cases of bile duct anastomotic stricture following liver transplantation diagnosed by cholangiography were analyzed retro-spectively. Results①Twenty-four cases of bile duct anastomotic strictures were included in 3 cases of typeⅠa, 2 cases of typeⅠb, 4 cases of typeⅡ, 1 case of typeⅢa, 5 cases of typeⅢb, and 9 cases of typeⅢc.②The redness of intrahepatic bile duct mucosa, banding erosion, ulcer and fusion of anastomotic stricture mucosa could be seen in typeⅠa andⅢa. The redness of intrahepatic bile duct and anastomotic stricture mucosa could be seen in typeⅡwithout ulcer and fusion. The extensive erosion and ulcer of intrahepatic bile duct and redness of anastomotic stricture mucosa could be seen in typeⅢb. The extensive erosion, ulcer and partial necrosis of intrahepatic bile duct and anastomotic stricture mucosa could be seen in typeⅠb andⅢc.③Seventeen cases were cured by choledochoscopy through T tube, the biliary casts were moved out and the anastomotic strictures were relieved by balloon dilatation and placement of plastic stenting for 2 to 6 months, no recurrence happened. One case of typeⅠb treated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD) and percuta-neous transhepatic cholangioscopy(PTCS) was developed into the stricture of typeⅡduring following-up for 19 months. Two cases of typeⅠa were treated by ERCP, the biliary casts were moved, one of which was cured, another 1 case was developed into the stricture of typeⅡduring following-up for 5 months. Two cases of typeⅡwere treated by ERCP, the biliary casts were moved, balloon dilatation and placement of plastic stent were performed, one of which was cured, another 1 case was recurrent during following-up for 1 months. The strictures were not relieved by multiple plastic stents for 4 to 6 months in 3 patients with recurrence and progress, but which was relieved by full-covered self-expanding removable metal stents for 4 to 7 months, there was no recurrence during following-up. One case of typeⅢb and one case of typeⅢc received the secondary open operation or choledochoscopy and placement of plastic stent for biliary infection and jaundice after the treatment of ERCP were cured. ConclusionsBiliary stricture following liver transplantation accompanies different degree biliary injury. The slightest is typeⅡand typeⅠa, typeⅢa is the second, typeⅢb is more serious, and typeⅠb and typeⅢc are the worst. Choledochoscopy is a better choose for anastomotic strictures. ERCP is not a better choose for anastomotic strictures of typeⅠb, Ⅲb, andⅢc.