肠内或称经肠营养(enteral nutrition)是经胃肠道用口服或管饲来提供可满足、超过或补充代谢需要的营养基质及其他各种营养素的营养方式［1］。经过漫长的临床实践与技术发展，肠内营养的优越性越来越为人们所重视。“如果肠道有功能，就应使用肠道”的原则已为大多数临床医师所接受。近年来外科术后早期肠内营养（early enteral nutrition）的研究亦有较多的进展。
The diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is a systematic and frameworking medical task in a multidisciplinary manner. New models, new technologies, new regimens, and new drugs have been developed to explore the best strategies to improve the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Here we discussed the research progress and guideline updates in four aspects, including the accurate staging-classification-based treatment strategy, the quality control in the surgery, the rational perioperative neoadjuvant-adjuvant therapies, and molecular classification joint with precision medicine. The purpose is to further promote the standardized gastric cancer management in China and emphasize its importance. From the updates of knowledge and the transformation of understanding and recognition, to the quality improvement, it’s critical to reduce the heterogeneity of the quality of gastric cancer management in China, as well as enhance adherence to guidelines and consensuses.
The incidence of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma is gradually increasing, and gastrointestinal surgery and thoracic surgery are paying more and more attention to its surgical treatment. “Chinese expert consensus on the surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (2018 edition)” discussed the core issues in the field of surgical treatment such as definition, classification, surgical approach, lymphadenectomy, digestive tract reconstruction, and neoadjuvant therapy for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, and gave recommendations. However, there is still some controversy about these issues. The author discussed the consensus and controversial issues relevant to esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma and related research progress in recent years.
目的 探讨异位胰腺的临床特点、诊断及外科处理原则。方法 对我院近8年病理确诊的16例异位胰腺患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例中男8例，女8例，年龄1~74岁，平均37.5岁。异位胰腺分布部位： 空肠5例，十二指肠4例，胃2例，胆总管2例，胆囊、纵膈和后腹膜各1例。术前仅1例确诊，5例误诊，10例漏诊。均行手术治疗，无一例出现术后并发症。结论 异位胰腺的临床表现和检查手段无特异性，易漏诊和误诊； 一旦发现，无论有无症状，均以早期手术治疗为宜，以明确诊断及避免出现严重的并发症。