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尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸21例临床分析

目的　探讨尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸的诱发因素、临床特点和急救处理方法，以减少误诊和降低死亡率。方法　回顾性分析2006年3月至2012年1月重庆市职业病防治院21例尘肺并发双侧自发性气胸患者的临床资料，男20例，女1例；平均年龄62 （46～65） 岁。发病缓慢者4例，突发起病17例。术前肺压缩程度＜30% 6例，30%～50% 10例，＞50% 5例。二期尘肺7例，三期14例。所有患者均采用双侧胸腔闭式引流术治疗。 结果　气胸治愈13例，好转5例；1例因持续漏气转外院行电视胸腔镜手术治疗好转出院；2例因早期患者不愿意采用手术治疗，而采用内科保守治疗延误手术时机，致急性呼吸循环衰竭死亡。胸腔引流管平均引流时间10.4 （4～24） d。随访17例，随访时间5～12个月，16例气胸无复发，1例并发右侧少量气胸经保守治疗痊愈，2例失访。 结论　尘肺并发双侧气胸患者多数突然发病，临床症状有时不典型，易误诊，发生严重的缺氧和急性呼吸功能衰竭，从而危及患者生命；对明确诊断者及时行双侧胸腔闭式引流术治疗是救治成功的关键。

Clinical Experiences of Applying Thoracic Drainage Bottle Regulator for Spontaneous Pneumothorax

目的　探讨可调压胸腔闭式引流瓶持续负压吸引治疗自发性气胸持续漏气的疗效观察及护理。 方法　将2008年3月－2012年10月收治的自发性气胸行胸腔闭式引流术后接传统闭式引流瓶，引流达3 d胸腔仍有漏气患者55例分为A组（治疗组）、B组（对比组）。Ａ组30例更换为可调压胸腔闭式引流瓶、Ｂ组25例继续使用传统闭式引流瓶。 结果　Ａ组患者平均带管时间缩短，管腔堵塞、引流液逆流、低蛋白血症等并发症发生比Ｂ组减少。 结论　可调压胸腔闭式引流瓶持续胸腔负压吸引治疗自发性气胸持续漏气患者治疗效果优于传统闭式引流好，患者带管时间及平均住院时间缩短，住院费用降低，安全性高，并发症少。

重症胸外伤的救治

【摘要】目的 探讨重症胸外伤的救治。方法 2003年8月-2008年10月救治重症胸外伤176例,进行总结分析。结果 采用胸腔闭式引流、胸腔穿刺、剖胸探查术、损伤脏器修补、呼吸机辅助呼吸等治疗。治愈153例(86.9%)；死亡23例(13.1%)。结论 重症胸外伤早期正确诊断急救,妥善处理合并伤是关键。

更换水封引流瓶的循证护理

【摘要】 目的 运用循证护理探讨一次性水封引流瓶更换的最佳间隔时间。 方法 根据患者情况和各数据库的特点，用主题词及关键词相结合检索下列数据库（Cochrane Library CDSR、CCTR、NHS Economic Evaluation Database、Technology Assessment、MEDLINE 及CNKI）获得相关证据。 结果 从数据库中获得文献检索结果，仔细阅读，筛选文献并进行分析结论。 结论 在严格无菌操作下，对于胸腔引流管留置时间较长的患者，可每周更换1次水封引流瓶，不会增加胸腔内感染及水封引流瓶内细菌定植的机会，且可以节约人力和医疗资源。

Clinical Analysis of 48 Cases of Spontaneous Pneumothorax with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

目的:探讨COPD(慢性阻塞性肺病)并自发性气胸的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法:对2001年1月至2008年12月间本院收治的48例COPD并自发性气胸患者进行临床分析。结果:48例COPD并自发性气胸患者临床表现多样,首次确诊率不到80%,死亡率8.25%,单纯抽气治愈10例,胸腔闭式引流治愈22例。胸腔闭式引流+负压吸引治愈15例,手术治疗1例。肺复张平均天数单纯抽气10天, 胸腔闭式引流9天, 胸腔闭式引流+负压吸引7天, 手术治疗15天.结论:COPD并自发性气胸治疗多需排气减压术,复张时间较长,治疗以胸腔闭式引流+负压吸引为宜。

胸腔镜微创术后不留置胸腔引流管在快速康复外科中的应用

目的探讨患者接受胸腔镜微创手术后不留置胸腔引流管的安全性和可行性。 方法回顾性分析2013年1～9月广东省人民医院胸外科20例行胸腔镜微创手术后不留置胸腔引流管患者的临床资料，其中男14例、女6例，年龄36.7（17～68）岁，分析患者术后恢复情况。 结果全组20例患者均顺利完成手术，无围手术期死亡，无二次手术；术后均未出现严重并发症，均不需有创性操作；术后平均住院时间3.5 d，出院后1周复查胸部X线片均无异常。 结论部分患者接受胸腔镜微创手术后不留置胸腔引流管是安全可行的，符合快速康复外科理念。

高负压胸腔闭式引流综合治疗慢性脓胸的疗效分析

目的探讨高负压胸腔闭式引流治疗慢性脓胸的效果。 方法回顾性分析九江市解放军171医院心胸外科2006年5月至2012年5月收治的38例慢性感染性脓胸患者的临床资料，其中男26例、女12例，年龄7～61（41.2±7.4）岁，分析采用高负压胸腔闭式引流治疗的效果。 结果35例患者接受高负压胸腔闭式引流治愈，3例另外行局部胸膜纤维板剥脱术，全部患者康复，治疗后检查原胸内脓腔无残腔闭合，肺功能显著改善。无1例行胸廓成形术。全组患者住院时间（31.40±17.65）d。无并发症发生。随访1～5年无复发。 结论高负压胸腔闭式引流是治疗慢性脓胸的有效手段。

胸腔引流管拔除后急性大面积皮下气肿二例

Comfort Level of Chest Tube Size in Lung Cancer Patients with Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lobectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo determine if comfort level was associated with chest tube size(16F or 28F) among lung cancer patients with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. MethodsWe performed VATS lobectomy for 163 patients with lung cancer in our hospital between February and May 2014. There were 70 males 93 females. The patients were allocated into two groups including a 28F group and a 16F group. There were 75 patients at age of 53.18±14.73 years with insertion of one chest drain of 28F in the 28F group. And there were 88 patients at age of 56.62±12.62 years with insertion of one chest drain of 16F in the 16F group. Heart rate and variation of pulse, breathing rate and variation of breathing rate, pain scores, comfort level, and activities daily living (ADL) of the two groups were compared. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the patient characteristics and operation data between the two groups. There were statistical differences in variation of heart rates on the 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after operation between the 16Fgroup and the 28F group (9.67±3.33 times/min vs.18.54±5.33 times/min, P=0.037; 7.89±2.88 times/min vs. 19.01±4.67 times/min, P=0.045; 7.67±3.01 times/min vs. 20.88±5.34 times/min, P=0.021). The percentage patients of mild pain in the 16F group (77.65%) was higher than that in the 28F group (49.78%, P=0.023) with a statistical difference. The independent ambulation and comfort level in the 16F group(67.05%, 67.05%) were significant higher than those in the 28F group (45.78%,55.11%, P=0.023, P=0.026). ConclusionOur findings suggest that drainage via a small-bore chest tube provides meaningful postoperative comfort level in the patients with VATS lobectomy.

Clinical Efficacy of Central Venous Catheter Closed Drainage of Pleural Cavity Combined with Negative Pressure Suction for Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of central venous catheter closed drainage of pleural cavity combined with negative pressure suction in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. MethodsThe randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on central venous catheter closed drainage of pleural cavity combined with negative pressure suction in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax were searched in PubMed, OVID, CNKI, Wangfang database, Super Star Digital Library, CMB, Baidu and Google search engines. The searching time was from the time of building database to September 15, 2014. Two searchers selected studies based on the included criteria strictly. The quality of RCTs was appraised by the criteria of Cochrane Collaboration. RevMan5.3 software was used for data analysis and management. ResultsA total of 18 RCTs including 1 549 patients were identified. There were no statistical differences in time of lung recruitment (SMD=0.01 and 95%CI -0.23 to 0.25, P=0.95), time of hospital stay (SMD=-0.42, 95%CI -1.81 to 0.97, P=0.55), curative resection rate (RR=1.04 and 95%CI 1.00 to 1.08, P=0.07) between the two groups. The rate of complications in the central venous catheter group was less than that in the conventional pleural cavity closed drainage group with a statistical difference (RR=0.31, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.43, P<0.000 01). ConclusionThe treatment of central venous catheter closed drainage of pleural cavity combined with negative pressure suction for spontaneous pneumothorax is a simple and safe operation. However, the quality of studies included is not high and some sample size is small. RCTs with large sample of high quality are still needed for further confirmation.