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60岁以上心瓣膜病患者的外科治疗与随访

目的 总结≥60岁心瓣膜病患者的外科治疗经验及随访结果，以提高手术疗效。 方法 2000年7月至2008年12月, 86例≥60岁的心瓣膜病患者接受了心瓣膜置换术治疗，其中男43例，女43例；年龄60~74岁，平均年龄63.8岁。二尖瓣病变55例，主动脉瓣病变9例，二尖瓣及主动脉瓣双瓣膜病变21例，三尖瓣病变1例；风湿性心瓣膜病65例，退行性心瓣膜病21例。心房颤动59例，窦性心律27例。心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ级79例，Ⅳ级7例。行二尖瓣置换术55例，双瓣膜置换术21例，主动脉瓣置换术9例，二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣置换术1例；同期行三尖瓣成形术16例，改良射频迷宫术8例，左心房血栓清除术7例。 结果 围术期因心律失常死亡1例。术后有3例患者因胸骨哆开而再次行胸骨固定术，１例患者因瓣周漏而再次行心瓣膜置换术，3例患者因呼吸功能不全行气管切开术。85例患者均治愈出院。术后左心房内径（51.1±13.8 mm vs.56.2±17.2 mm,P=0.001）和右心房内径(48.8±9.6 mm vs. 52.1±13.9 mm,P=0.012)较术前明显缩小，左心室、右心室内径、射血分数和缩短分数与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。随访84例，随访时间2~96个月(24±22个月)，失访1例。随访期间有1例患者于术后5个月因抗凝强度不足发生左心房血栓，经治疗后血栓消失；另1例术后6年因抗凝强度不足发生脑梗死，经住院治疗肢体偏瘫未能恢复。 结论 只要适当把握手术指征和手术时机，注重术前准备及围术期处理，对≥60岁患者行心瓣膜置换术效果良好。术后与抗凝有关的主要问题为抗凝不足。对这些患者术后应加强国际标准化比率(INR)监测及持续的心功能调整。

人工瓣膜心内膜炎伴较大赘生物二例

Factors Determining Left Atrial Reverse Remodeling after Mitral Valve Replacement

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of left atrial geometry before and after mitral valve replacement in patients with different types of mitral valve disease and different heart rhythm, and to identify factors determining left atrial remodeling after mitral valve replacement. MethodsA total of 215 consecutive patients of mitral valve replacement in Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2003 to March 2008 were selected and followed up for this study. There were 52 male and 163 female patients with their age of 40.58±10.54 years (ranged, 18-67 years). St. Jude Medical mechanical valves were used. According to the type of mitral valve diseases (mitral stenosis (MS) or mitral regurgitation (MR)) and heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation (AF) or sinus rhythm (SR)), patients were divided into 4 groups. There were 54 patients with MS and SR (including 13 male and 41 female patients with their age of 39.31±9.46 years), 56 patients with MS and AF (including 14 male and 42 female patients with their age of 41.12±10.72 years), 52 patients with MR and SR (including 12 male and 40 female patients with their age of 39.71±10.09 years), 53 patients with MR and AF (including 13 male and 40 female patients with their age of 40.19±11.87 years). All patients had routine examinations and echocardiogram preoperatively and two years after surgery. Left atrial anteroposterior diameter (LAD), left atrial area (LAA), left atrial volume (LAV) and left atrial volume index (LAVi) were used to analyze the changes of left atrial geometry. ResultsThere was no in-hospital death. Major postoperative complications included low cardiac output syndrome in 5 patients, pneumonia in 6 patients. LAVi were lower in mitral stenosis patients than that in mitral regurgitation patients (P<0.05), LAVi were lower in patients with sinus rhythm than that in patients with atrial fibrillation (P<0.05). Two years after mitral valve replacement, the extent of left atrial reverse remodeling were significantly greater in mitral regurgitation patients than in mitral stenosis patients (P<0.05), and the extent of left atrial reverse remodeling were significantly greater in patients with sinus rhythm than that in patients with atrial fibrillation (P<0.05). ConclusionsAge, atrial fibrillation, preoperative left atrial volume, mitral regurgitation, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter are important influencing factors of left atrial reverse remodeling after mitral valve replacement.