Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after thoracotomy. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 10 patients with PTE after thoracotomy treated from January 2011 to March 2015. Among them were 8 males and 2 females, with their age ranging from 51 to 73 years old, averaging 61. Six patients had lung cancer lobectomy, and 4 had esophagus carcinoma resection. All the 10 patients suffered sudden shortness of breath, chest pain and palpitation within the first 40 hours to 128 hours after surgery, and the physical examinations revealed tachypnea, drop of blood pressure and tachycardia. The PTE diagnosis was confirmed after using echocardiography, three-dimensional imaging of CT pulmonary angiography. All the patients accepted the treatment combination of low molecular weight heparin and warfarin. Results All the patients were cured without complications like chest or wound bleeding. Follow-up checks 3 months after the surgery showed no relapses. Conclusions Thoracotomy patients are of high risks of PTE. The diagnosis should be based on imaging examinations. Treatment combination of low molecular weight heparin and warfarin has a remarkable effect in treating PTE patients after thoracotomy, which also has a low rate of bleeding complications.
目的 探讨食管癌术后酒精戒断综合征的原因及有效预防治疗措施。 方法 2000年1月－2011年10月共行食管癌手术935例，术后发生酒精戒断综合征16例，患者均为男性，年龄41～67岁，平均54岁。饮酒史16～47年，平均27.8年；每日饮白酒量为250～1 000 g，酒精含量162～590 g，平均321.5 g。所有患者均符合中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第3版（CCMD-3）酒精戒断综合征诊断标准。在食管癌常规术后治疗的基础上，根据患者谵妄、烦躁、精神失常、昏迷等不同情况应用维生素B族、纳络酮、氟哌啶醇、氯丙嗪、安定、促进脑细胞代谢及补充能量等综合治疗，必要时予以镇静后气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸。 结果 患者经治疗后戒断症状均完全消失，治疗时间2～10 d，平均5.3 d。13例获随访，随访时间4～18个月，均完全戒酒，其中1例术后8个月死于急性心肌梗死；余12例均恢复良好，且未出现酒精戒断症状。 结论 经合理有效的围手术期处理，食管癌术后酒精戒断综合征发生率可明显降低，详细询问病史，术前术后积极预防并及时给予有效的治疗是治愈的关键。
目的探索单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性疾病的有效性和安全性。 方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年4月德阳市人民医院单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性疾病186例患者的临床资料，其中男101例、女85例，年龄15～65（30.1±5.3）岁。 结果全组患者无围手术期死亡。手术时间18～88（47.2±7.6）min，术中出血量5.0～110.0（49.8±9.4）ml，患者术后住院时间7～16（9.2±2.1）d。2例因致密粘连转为辅助小切口手术。自发性气胸肺大泡切除术后当日及术后1～2 d出现持续肺漏气3例，1例肺漏气持续9 d，1例肺漏气持续10 d，1例肺漏气持续11 d，均经保守治疗治愈。切口脂肪液化4例，换药后治愈。术后肺部感染3例，经加强抗感染后治愈。随访3～24（6.8±3.2）个月，失访18例，总体随访率90.3%（168/186）。随访期间气胸复发4例，气胸压缩肺组织10%～20%，观察5～8 d自行吸收，未再次手术；肺及纵隔良性病变无复发；结核患者术后抗痨治疗12～18个月治愈。 结论单操作孔电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性疾病创伤小，切口美观，患者恢复快，手术安全，对适应证患者可作为手术方式。
For patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, how to take lavage fluid specimens correctly is the current clinical focus during the epidemic. At the same time, since alveolar lavage is an invasive operation of the airway, it is necessary to follow standard procedures for protection and operation to prevent occupational exposure risks of medical staff. The Department of Intensive Care Unit of West China Hospital of Sichuan University formulated the operation procedure of alveolar lavage for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 based on the original operation procedure of alveolar lavage. This article introduces the indications and contraindications of the operation procedure, preparation before operation, operation procedure and precautions, post-operation processing and operation protection for clinical reference and implementation.