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find Author "谭敏" 8 results
  • 颞下窝颅底肿瘤切除术的围手术期护理一例

    1 病例介绍   患者 男,35岁。2008年3月于外院行左侧筛窦鳞癌切除术,术后2个月复查CT示有病灶残留,于2008年5月20日于我院再次行手术治疗,术后病理检查未见肿瘤细胞。术后患者接受放射治疗1个疗程,并定期复查。2010年8月,复查MRI示左侧咽旁间隙见一长径约2.5 cm肿块影,未进行治疗;2010年11月再次复查MRI,示左侧咽旁间隙见一4.9 cm × 4.2 cm × 3.8 cm肿块影,以“左侧咽旁间隙占位”于2010年11月13日收入我科。积极完善术前检查后,于11月25日在全身麻醉下行经颈下颌入路下颌骨外旋颞下窝颅底肿瘤切除术,术后诊断为“左侧颞下窝、中颅底低分化癌”。术后安置口腔负压引流管、保留尿管、鼻胃管,转入ICU病房,予重症监护及呼吸机辅助呼吸。3 d后患者病情稳定,脱离呼吸机,转回我科,密切观察颈部伤口情况,监测生命体征变化,保持各引流管固定通畅,做好口腔及饮食护理,协助生活护理。术后患者切口感染,给予严格换药以及静脉输入抗生素后切口痊愈。术后5 d拔除口腔负压引流管,6 d拔除尿管,12 d拔除胃管并经口进食,于12月14日痊愈出院。 2 护理   颞下窝颅底肿瘤发生率低,多为原发,也可由邻近部位肿瘤侵犯扩散而来,肿瘤向上发展可侵及颅底,甚至颅内。该区域隐蔽,周围以骨性结构为主,该区域肿瘤早期诊断较为困难,患者就诊时肿瘤往往已生长较大,甚至已有颜面部功能障碍[1]。颞下窝颅底的肿瘤位置比较深,周围神经血管复杂,手术难度大,潜在并发症多,术前术后护理与手术成功密切相关。2.1 术前护理2.1.1 心理护理 由于患者病程长,自认为是鼻窦癌术后复发,心理负担重,加上手术难度高,术后并发症多,危险性大,患者出现焦虑、恐惧情绪。因此,我们主动与患者交谈,解释其不良情绪会对手术治疗产生不良影响;多途径向患者介绍疾病相关知识及手术前后的注意事项,指导患者积极配合医疗及护理,建立良好的护患关系。重视社会-心理支持,鼓励家属或亲朋好友多与患者沟通,给予支持和关心,使患者心情舒畅,以积极的态度面对手术治疗[2]。2.1.2 口腔护理 患者采取经颈下颌入路术式,对口腔无菌程度要求高,为降低切口感染率,术前3 d给予口腔清洁,除常规软毛牙刷刷牙外,用聚维酮碘溶液稀释液漱口,4次/d,每次含漱10 min。2.1.3 呼吸训练 为预防术后肺部并发症发生,术前指导患者进行呼吸训练。练习缩唇呼吸:深吸气,呼气时将嘴唇缩紧呈吹口哨状,使气体缓缓通过缩窄的口部吹出,通常吸气2~3 s,呼气4~6 s,呼吸次数6~10次/min。掌握有效咳痰方法:深吸气后屏气,然后声门突然开放并迅速收缩腹肌将痰咳出。2.2 术后护理2.2.1 呼吸道管理 由于全身麻醉插管术后喉头有不同程度的水肿,加之鼻腔填塞碘仿纱条,放置引流管,呼吸道的分泌物不易排除,术后血性渗液流入胃内引起刺激性呕吐等因素都影响呼吸道的通畅[3]。因此,注意观察患者呼吸的频率、节律,有无紫绀、躁动、胸闷、气促等表现,及时吸出口腔分泌物,给予氧气吸入3 L/min,给予生理盐水10 mL加盐酸氨溴索15 mg雾化吸入,2次/d,以稀释痰液及减轻呼吸道黏膜水肿。定时翻身、扣背,协助排痰,以保持呼吸道通畅,给予床旁心电监护,保证血氧饱和度在95%以上,床旁备好气管切开包。2.2.2 体位护理 给予患者舒适卧位,床头抬高10~30°,避免颈部屈曲,以利于颅内和眼部静脉回流及分泌物引流,降低颅内压,减轻脑水肿和颜面部水肿,有利于硬脑膜与颅底紧密结合,促进创口愈合。将头偏向一侧,有利于口腔分泌物的引流,防止误吸、窒息,减少感染的机会。2.2.3 切口及引流管护理 术后观察切口渗血、渗液的情况,保持切口敷料清洁干燥。引流管固定通畅,避免牵拉、折叠,及时更换负压引流盒,避免引流液的长时间存积,防止逆行感染。术后第6天患者出现颈部切口红肿、疼痛,有少许脓性分泌物渗出,立即给予双氧水清洗,聚维酮碘溶液局部消毒,及时更换伤口敷料,加强局部引流,避免伤口内存留渗出液,以及静脉输入抗生素抗炎治疗。患者切口红、肿、热、痛减轻,渗出液减少,术后18 d切口完全愈合。2.2.4 口腔护理 因患者手术创面在口腔内,不能用牙刷刷牙,给予生理盐水冲洗3次/d,动作轻柔,适时用益口含漱液漱口,保证口腔的清洁,促进切口的愈合。2.2.5 尿管护理 患者留置尿管的时间较长,每天给予尿道口消毒,更换尿袋,及时排空集尿袋内的小便,以免引起尿道感染。拔除尿管后观察患者排尿的情况以及尿液的性质及量。2.2.6 饮食护理 患者术后不能经口进食,给予安置鼻胃管,向患者讲解鼻饲的重要性,将管道固定妥当,鼻腔近端粘贴在颊部,远端盘曲固定在头部,使头部活动时不会因伸拉而误拔鼻饲管[4]。定时管喂,管饲饮食选择高蛋白、高维生素、高热量的食物,如米粉,蛋、肉、鱼、菜类混合熬制的浓汤等,根据患者需要每2~4小时管饲1次,每次300~500 mL,以提高机体抵抗能力和组织修复能力。拔除鼻饲管后,先嘱患者试饮水,无呛咳后进流质饮食,然后进半流质,以后逐渐过渡到普食。本例颞下窝颅底肿瘤患者,通过精心的术前准备,术后对患者呼吸道、口腔特殊性护理,以及饮食护理方面采取针对性措施,使患者增强了战胜疾病的信心,促进其早日康复。3 参考文献[ 1 ] 李家锋, 徐锋, 管海虹, 等. 颞下-耳前入路手术切除颅底颞下窝肿瘤四例报告[J]. 临床口腔医学杂志, 2009(9): 542-543.[ 2 ] 陈水英, 许耀东. 内窥镜辅助下侧颅底肿瘤切除术的护理[J]. 临床护理, 2008, 14(20): 90-92.[ 3 ] 王静, 杨智容, 谢小清, 等. 颅-面联合进路治疗前颅底区肿瘤的护理[J]. 现代护理, 2006, 12(19): 1822-1823.[ 4 ] 周策, 王梓凌, 赵雪平, 等. 长期鼻饲匀浆膳食的老年患者单次鼻饲量和饲间隔时间的观察[J]. 中国康复, 2007, 22(3): 210-211.(收稿:2011-10-10 修回:2012-06-01)(本文编辑:孙艳梅/俞军)

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:16 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Acute Pancreatitis in Long Term Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients (Report of 9 Cases)

    Objective To assess the possible causes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in long term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients, and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of AP in this kind of patients. Methods The clinical data of 9 cases of AP in PD and HD patients who were admitted in the hospital during January 1993 and January 2000 were analysed retrospectively. Results The serum levels of amylase of all the 9 cases were over three and a half times of upper limit value of healthy subjects. B mode ultrasound and CT scan examinations were useful for diagnosis of AP. Eight patients recovered very well with conservative treatment, while one patient who was diagnosed as acute severe pancreatitis and complicated with shock died. Conclusion Long term PD and HD patients are predisposing to develop AP. Diagnosis of AP in these patients primarily depends on the detection of serum amylase. Dialysis treatment is indispensable for cure of AP.

    Release date:2016-08-28 05:10 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 患儿气道异物取出术护理

    目的 总结气道异物患儿围手术期护理措施及经验。 方法 对2006年1月-2011年4月收治的991例气道异物患儿的临床资料及护理方法进行回顾分析。 结果 985例患儿1次手术取净异物,4例患儿2次手术取净异物,2例死亡。 结论 气道异物起病急,病情危重,术前准确、及时的评估患儿病情,采取正确、有效的护理措施,术后严密观察患儿病情变化,可减少或避免气道异物并发症的发生,降低死亡率。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:17 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • New development in the balance function assessment and training of the elderly

    The balance ability is the basic guarantee for the human body to maintain the posture and complete every daily life activity, and it is also an important physical quality index for the elderly. Insufficient balance ability may lead to falls among the elderly, which may lead to fractures, long-term pain, craniocerebral trauma, disability, and even death and other serious adverse consequences. Under the background of China’s rapid aging population and the strong advocacy of the combination of medical care and nursing, improving the balance ability of the elderly is an effective way to prevent the elderly from falling down, and is of great significance to reduce the accidental injury for the elderly. In this paper, the methods and the latest progress of balance function evaluation and training for the elderly at home and abroad are reviewed in order to provide reference for the formulation of intervention programs to improve the balance function of the elderly, so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly and open up a new path for the realization of healthy aging.

    Release date:2019-01-23 01:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 小儿气道异物术后首次进食时间探讨

    目的 探讨小儿气道异物在全身麻醉下行气管、支气管镜检术后首次进食时间,为临床护理提供依据。 方法 2010年9月-2011年5月,将213例气管异物患儿根据入院的先后顺序编号分组,对照组患儿按常规在全身麻醉清醒后6 h首次进食流质,观察组患儿在麻醉完全清醒、意识完全恢复后先给予20~30 mL温开水饮用,30 min后即给予流质饮食。比较两组患儿首次进食后呕吐、误吸的发生率,术后哭闹或自诉口渴、饥饿感发生率的差异。 结果 两组患儿首次进食后呛咳、呕吐的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05),观察组患儿术后哭闹或自诉口渴、饥饿感的发生率明显低于对照组。 结论 小儿气道异物在全身麻醉下行气管、支气管镜检术后首次进食可在患儿麻醉完全清醒、意识恢复后半小时给予。

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  • 鼻咽部脊索瘤患者护理体会

    目的总结鼻咽部脊索瘤患者围手术期的护理体会。 方法对2009年10月-2011年8月收治的经下唇正中-右侧颌下-右耳垂弧形切口行肿瘤切除术的3例鼻咽部脊索瘤患者临床资料及护理措施进行回顾性分析。 结果3例患者均安全渡过围手术期,近期疗效满意,局部症状缓解,且完全恢复日常生活和工作。 结论对鼻咽部脊索瘤患者,围手术期采取有效的护理干预,有利于稳定其情绪,早期预防并积极处理有关并发症,可促进机体功能的恢复,缩短康复疗程。

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  • Study of Relationship Between Cholecystectomy and Helicobacter Pylori Infection

    ObjectiveTo study the relationship between cholecystectomy and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. MethodsOne hundred and eleven patients with cholecystolithiasis were chosen as the investigation group, while 577 patients with upper digestive tract symptoms without cholecystolithiasis as the control group. All the patients took the 13C breath test to determine whether they were infected by Hp. All the patients with Hp infection continued eradical therapy for Hp infection for one course after cholecystectomy and were followed up on outpatient basis. ResultsThe infection rate in the investigation group was 45.9%, while 27.4% in the control group. During the 3 to 6 months of followup for the patients undergoing eradical therapy for Hp infection, we found no patient complaining of epigastric pain, malaise, belching and nausea. ConclusionThe infection rate of Hp in patients with cholecystolithiasis is high, Hp may be one of the factors causing “postcholecystectomy syndrome”. Eradical therapy for Hp after cholecystectomy will help improve the effects of operation.

    Release date:2016-08-28 04:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 阿德福韦酯对乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者T细胞亚群的影响

    目的探讨阿德福韦酯对乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响。 方法对2012年5月-2013年5月56例慢性乙型肝炎患者常规给予护肝治疗,同时给予口服阿德福韦酯10 mg,1次/d,疗程48周。检测服药前及48周后肝功能、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) DNA及T细胞亚群。 结果经口服阿德福韦酯治疗48周后,患者血清HBV-DNA滴度较治疗前明显下降,肝功能明显改善,CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比(37.3%) 较治疗前(32.8%) 明显升高(P<0.001),CD4+/CD8+(1.37) 较治疗前(1.11) 升高(P<0.005)。 结论阿德福韦酯治疗HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎,在抑制HBV的复制、减轻肝脏炎症反应的同时,也可能改善了慢性乙型肝炎患者的细胞免疫功能。

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