The standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy for studies in journal or conference abstracts (STARD for Abstracts) was developed for guiding the reporting of abstracts of diagnostic accuracy studies, which was published in BMJ in August 2017. The study mainly introduced and interpreted the items of STARD for Abstracts, in order to help domestic researchers to perform and report the abstracts of diagnostic accuracy studies by STARD for Abstracts.
ObjectiveTo analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy, and establish a nomogram model for prediction its prognosis.MethodsA total of 557 patients diagnosed with primary tracheal malignancy from 1975 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data were collected. The factors affecting the overall survival rate of primary tracheal malignancy were screened and modeled by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The nomogram prediction model was performed by R 3.6.2 software. Using the C-index, calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the consistency and predictive ability of the nomogram prediction model.ResultsThe median survival time of 557 patients with primary tracheal malignancy was 21 months, and overall survival rates of the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 59.1%±2.1%, 42.5%±2.1%, and 35.4%±2.2%. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, histology, surgery, radiotherapy, tumor size, tumor extension and the range of lymph node involvement were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy (P<0.05). Based on the above 7 risk factors to establish the nomogram prediction model, the C-index was 0.775 (95%CI 0.751-0.799). The calibration curve showed that the prediction model established in this study had a good agreement with the actual survival rate of the 1 year, 3 year and 5 years. The area under curve of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year predicting overall survival rates was 0.837, 0.827 and 0.836, which showed that the model had a high predictive power.ConclusionThe nomogram prediction model established in this study has a good predictive ability, high discrimination and accuracy, and high clinical value. It is useful for the screening of high-risk groups and the formulation of personalized diagnosis and treatment plans, and can be used as an evaluation tool for prognostic monitoring of patients with primary tracheal malignancy.
Indirect comparison refers to a comparison of different healthcare interventions using data from separate studies, and is often used because of a lack of, or insufficient evidence from head-to-head comparative trials. We aimed to summarize the definition, fundamental theory, type, relevant statistical contents, and to clarify some question on how to use indirect comparison, in order to attract more researchers' attention and promote methodological development of indirect comparison.
ObjectiveTo analyze the earthquake emergency plans in 31 provinces (including autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) of China, in order to summarize the relevant characteristics and discuss the existing problems to provide references for the revision and improvement of the earthquake emergency plan for the government and relevant departments. MethodsComprehensive literature search was conducted in the following websites:The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, China Earthquake Information Network, China Earthquake Administration, Government Websites and Earthquake Information Networks in 31 provinces (including autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) of China. The literature which met the inclusion criteria was collected for descriptive analysis. ResultsEarthquake emergency plans in 31 provinces (including autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) played a guiding role in the earthquake emergency and rescue work. However, some existing problems needed to be solved, which included:poor manoeuvrability of earthquake emergency plan, inadequate mechanisms of early warning and prevention, lower security on command platform and emergency shelter, and unclearly defined updating and revising time. ConclusionDifferent provinces (including autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) of China should establish sound laws and regulations, improve the mechanisms of early warning and prevention, strengthen security measures of command platform and emergency shelter, and update and revise plans timely combined with its own characteristics, so that earthquake emergency plans could play a greater role in earthquake emergency in the future.
Objective To systematically evaluate the benefits and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody versus conventional-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched in PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 8, 2016), Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases from inception to September 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of eligible studies, then meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of five RCTs involving 2 580 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the objective response rate (ORR) and one year overall survival rate (OSR1y) in anti PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody group were higher than that of the conventional chemotherapy group (RR=1.86, 95%CI 1.37 to 2.52,P<0.001; RR=1.37, 95%CI 1.23 to 1.52,P<0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between two groups in one-year progression-free survival rate (PFSR1y) (RR=1.85, 95%CI 0.61 to 5.59,P=0.28) and disease control rate (DCR) (RR=1.13, 95%CI 0.76 to 1.68,P=0.55). With regard to untoward effect, rate of adverse effects (AEs) and AEs of 3-5 grade in anti PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody group were higher than those of the conventional chemotherapy group (RR=0.85, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.95,P=0.004; RR=0.28, 95%CI 0.18 to 0.43,P<0.001), the difference was statistically significant. But there was no significant difference in AEs to discontinuation between the two groups (RR=0.60, 95%CI 0.26 to 1.39,P=0.23). Conclusion Compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody has considerable current effect and safety in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the postoperative recovery of lung function in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after different operation, such as lobectomy versus segmentectomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus traditional open chest surgery.MethodsClinical studies about effect of different surgical methods on lung function in patients with early NSCLC were searched from PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM and CNKI databases from inception to October 1st, 2016. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, and then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 and MetaAnalyst software.ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 2 924 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with lobectomy group, one-second rate difference (ΔFEV1%) (MD=–0.03, 95%CI –0.03 to –0.03, P<0.001) and predictive value of forced vital capacity difference (ΔFVC%) (MD=–0.09, 95%CI –0.11 to –0.06, P<0.001) of preoperative to postoperative in segmentectomy group were higher. However, there was no significant difference between two groups in first second forced expiratory volume difference (ΔFEV1) (MD=0.01, 95%CI –0.10 to 0.11, P=0.92). Compared with thoracotomy group, VATS group had lower ΔFEV1 (MD=–0.19, 95%CI –0.27 to –0.10, P<0.0001), ΔFVC (MD=–0.20, 95%CI –0.37 to –0.03, P=0.02), ΔFEV1% (MD=–0.03, 95%CI –0.06 to –0.01, P<0.001) of preoperative to postoperative (≤3 months), and maximum minute ventilation (ΔMVV) (MD=–5.59, 95%CI –10.38 to –1.52, P=0.008) of preoperative to postoperative (≥6 months). However, there were no statistically significant differences in difference of carbon monoxide diffusion rate (ΔDLCO%) (MD=–0.04, 95%CI –0.09 to 0.02, P=0.16), ΔFEV1% (MD=–0.02, 95%CI –0.06 to 0.02, P=0.32) and ΔFEV1 (MD=1.13, 95%CI –0.92 to 3.18, P=0.28).ConclusionThe protective effect of segmentectomy on postoperative pulmonary function is better than that of lobectomy. VATS has a protective effect on the ventilation function within 3 months and 6 months after surgery. Due to limited quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions are needed to be validated by more high quality studies.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsNon-comparative binary data on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of advanced NSCLC from PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were collected from inception to August 1st 2017. Two reviewers screened literature, extracted data and independently evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsForty-four trials were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled objective response rate (ORR), overall 1-year survival rate (OSR1 year) and progression-free survival rate at 1 year (PFSR1 year ) of anti-PD-1/PD-1 antibodies were 22% (RD=0.22, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.25, P<0.001), 54% (RD=0.54, 95%CI 0.46 to 0.63,P<0.001) and 27% (RD=0.27, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.33,P<0.001), respectively. The rate of adverse effects (AEs) was 61% (RD=0.61, 95%CI 0.54 to 0.68,P<0.001), and the rate of grade 3 to 5 AEs was 13% (RD=0.13, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.15,P<0.001).ConclusionsAnti- PD-1/PD-1 antibodies show good efficacy and safety in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative comprehensive management in non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Clinical studies about effect of different perioperative comprehensive management on patients with early NSCLC combined with COPD were searched from PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and WanFang databases from inception to November 1st, 2017. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, and then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 softwares. Results A total of 20 articles were identified including 1 079 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that perioperative comprehensive management improved the forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum minute ventilation (MVV), predictive value of postoperative one-second rate (ppoFEV1%), carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) and percent forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) (MD=–0.47, 95%CI –0.62 to –0.32, P<0.000 01; MD=–0.17, 95%CI –0.22 to –0.11, P<0.000 01; MD=–4.24, 95%CI –5.37 to –3.11, P<0.000 01; MD=–7.54, 95%CI –8.33 to –6.76, P<0.000 01; MD=–1.33, 95%CI –2.16 to –0.50, P=0.002; MD=–6.93, 95%CI –9.45 to –4.41, P<0.000 1, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of DLCO (DLCO%) and ventilation at maximal workload (VEmax) between pre- and post-management (MD=–2.91, 95%CI –11.31 to 5.50, P=0.5; MD= 0.18, 95%CI –2.23 to 2.58, P=0.89, respectively). With regard to cardiac function, perioperative comprehensive management improved the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and anaerobic threshold (AT) (MD=–2.28, 95%CI –3.41 to –1.15, P<0.000 1; MD=–57.77, 95%CI –77.90 to –37.64, P<0.000 1; MD=–2.71, 95%CI –3.30 to –2.12, P<0.000 1, respectively). As to complications, compared with conventional treatment group, perioperative comprehensive management group had fewer postoperative short-term complications (OR=0.39, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.58, P<0.000 01). Besides, perioperative comprehensive management also shortened hospital stay (MD=–2.38, 95%CI –3.86 to –0.89, P=0.002). Conclusion Perioperative comprehensive management can significantly improve lung function in patients with NSCLC combined with COPD, reduce short-term postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the hospital stay with good efficacy and safety.
Objective To explore the research state and topics of lung cancer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China using the visualization methods. Methods Literature about lung cancer with COPD was searched through WanFang, CNKI, CBM, PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EMbase databases from inception to March 2018 by computer. We used BICOMS software to analyze the main information and produce co-word matrix, gCLUTO software to cluster, and NetDraw and Cytoscape software to draw the pictures. Results There were 304 studies related to lung cancer with COPD which originated from 173 journals including 23 indexed by Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) with 42 articles published, accounting for 13.8% of the total number of studies. There were 37 articles from 24 journals indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) accounting for 12.2% of the total number of studies. The studies grew rapidly since 2012. The study involved 32 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, among which Beijing, Sichuan, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Jiangsu provinces and cities were the main research areas. Sixty-nine high-frequency keywords were obtained with frequency 2 as the threshold, which was clustered into 5 categories by dual cluster analysis. Among them, topic 0 showed pathogenesis and radiological diagnosis of lung cancer with COPD, topic 1 was about the clinical characteristics of different pathological types of lung cancer with COPD and Chinese medicine treatment, topic 2 aimed at the impact of risk factors on surgical complications and the relationship between chemotherapy or targeted therapies and patient survival prognosis, topic 3 involved the pigenetic correlation between lung cancer and COPD and topic 4 was about clinical studies of perioperative comprehensive management of lung cancer patients with COPD. Conclusion The bibliometrics results show that there are considerable-amount achievements on lung cancer combined with COPD in China, and the researches have gradually increased since 2012. Horizontal research topics are extensive, and the focus of the study is to explore the perioperative comprehensive management and basic research of lung cancer with COPD, but the longitudinal themes need to be further studied. The results of some studies have not yet reached a consensus. There are few high-quality multi-center studies and a lack of clinical-directed achievement.