Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL-1beta;) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the production of VEGF and bFGF by RPECs. The cells were cultured in the presence of IL-1beta; at different concentrations，which were 0,1,10, and 20 ng/ml,respectively.VEGF and bFGF levels were measured at various time points. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ) was conducted to detect the expression of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in RPE cells with and without IL-1beta; stimulation. The proliferation of cells in all groups was measured by the MTT assay and expressed as light absorption values.Results IL-1beta; significantly stimulated the secretion of VEGF at the concentration of 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml （P＜0.01）,bFGF was significantly stimulated when the concentration of IL-1beta; reached 10 ng/ml （P＜0.01）;at the concentration of 10 ng/ml, IL-1beta; increased the production of VEGF and bFGF in a time dependent manner （P＜0.01）; VEGF and bFGF mRNA levels were significantly increased by stimulation of 10 ng/ml IL-1beta; for 48 hours.There was no significant difference between all groups in light absorption values （P＞0.05）.Conclusion Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta; increased the secretion of VEGF and bFGF by human RPE cells to some extent.
Objective To observe the features of frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods The data of FD-OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of 31 patients with unilateral acute CSC were retrospectively analyzed. The FD-OCT of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer at leakage points, retinal detachment area and RPE layer in the fellow eyes was documented. Results Thirty-four leakage points were detected in 31 eyes on FFA. At the sites of fluorescein leakage, FD-OCT showed that serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in 18 leakage points (52.9%) and 17 eyes (54.8%), a small RPE protrusion in 8 leakage points (23.5%) and 8 eyes (25.8%), RPE irregularity in 6 leakage points (17.6%) and 4 eyes (12.9%) and no detectable RPE abnormality in 2 leakage points (5.9%) and 2 eyes (6.5%). An RPE defect at the edge of or within the PED was found in 7 leakage points (20.6%) and 7 eyes (22.6%). Serous retinal detachment and interruption or complete disappearance of the hyperreflective inner/outer segment junction (IS/OS) were detected in all diseased eyes. Uneven thickness of the outer segments (OS) was found in 24 eyes (77.4%), 14 of which had sagging sign. Flaking of the OS was found in 10 eyes (32.3%), multiple hyperreflective dots on the posterior surface of the detached neurosensory retina and on the surface of the RPE were found in 8 eyes (25.8%). Among 31 fellow eyes, FD-OCT also showed RPE abnormalities in 11 eyes (35.5%), in which PED, RPE protrusion and RPE irregularity were detected in 2 (6.5%), 1 (3.2%) and 8 eyes (25.8%), respectively. Conclusions In acute CSC the FD-OCT images at leakage points of are featured by PED, RPE protrusion, RPE irregularity and no detectable RPE abnormality; in retinal detachment area FD-OCT are featured by serous retinal detachment, interruption or disappearance of IS/OS, uneven thickness of OS, flaking of OS and hyper-reflective dots on the posterior surface of the detached neurosensory retina and on the surface of the RPE.
Objectives To observe the clinical characteristics of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and analyze the features to differentiate LCA from other similar disorders.Methods Prospective study of 15 LCA patients which include 10 males and 5 females, aged from 2 to 31 years with the mean age 13.6 years. Medical history, family history, perinatal conditions, as well as complete ocular evaluations were well documented. Among the subjects, 12 patients underwent optometry check, 10 patients underwent ERG and 8 patients had OCT testing. Results All of the patients had nystagmus and sluggish pupillary reflex. The visual acuity distributed from light perception to 0.1. Fivepatients (33.3%) were presented with photophobia, while 7 patients (46.7%) had nyctalopia. Among 12 cases underwent refraction examination, 6 patients (50%) had spherical equivalent of ge;+5D；1 patient（8.3%）had spherical equivalent of ge;+5D; 2 patients (16.7%) had bilateral mild to moderate hyperopia；1 patient (8.3%) had one emmertropic eye and one mild myopic eye; 2 patients (16.7%) had moderate to high myopia. Eight patients (53.3%) had enophthalmus,4 patients (26.7%) had oculodigital sign. All of the 10 patients underwent ERG showed extinguished waveform. Under OCT assesement, 7 patients had decreased fovea thickness; 1 patient had increased fovea thickness, complicated by epiretinal membrane; mild abnormality of microstructure of the retina with diminished and disrupted IS/OS hyperreflectivity were found in 2 cases；while more pronounced disarrangement of the retinal layers were found in 6 cases，inner layers were better reserved in all patients.Conclusions Severe visual impairment or blindness, nystagmus, pupillary reflex, extinguished ERG and hyperopia are main clinical characteristics of LCA.
ObjectiveTo observe and analyze the macular microvascular system changes in unilateral pediatric uveitis (PU) and healthy contralateral eyes. MethodsA cross-sectional case-control study. From January 2019 to July 2021, 21 eyes of 21 patients with PU diagnosed in one eye (PU group), 21 unaffected contralateral eyes (contralateral eye group), and 21 age-matched volunteers with 21 eyes (NC group) during the same period were examined in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to scan the 6 mm × 6 mm fundus macular area in the three groups of selected eyes to measure the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the retina, the area of the avascular zone (FAZ) in the fovea of the macula, the choroidal thickness under the fovea (SFCT), and the retinal thickness in the fovea of the macula (CRT). The device comes with a software choriocapillary flow measurement tool, which can obtain the macula's choriocapillary density (CCD) with the fovea as the center and the diameter of the annular area of 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.0 mm, respectively. They were recorded as CCD-1.0, CCD-1.5, and CCD-3.0. The measurement data of multiple groups were compared by analysis of variance; if the variance of the three groups of data was not uniform, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the potentially related factors of CCD. ResultsCompared with the contralateral eye group and the NC group, the vessel density of SCP (H=－13.857, －25.500; P=0.043, P<0.001), DCP (H=－15.333, －31.595; P=0.007, P<0.001) and CCD-1.0 (H=－14.000, －16.214; P=0.040, 0.012) of the clinically quiescent PU group were significantly decreased. CRT and FAZ were not statistically different between PU and NC groups (F=0.955; P=1.000, 0.661). Compared with the NC group, the mean vessel density of SCP and DCP in the contralateral eye group decreased, and the difference in DCP vessel density was statistically significant (H=－16.262, P=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference between the CCD of two groups (P=1.000). The SFCT of the PU group was significantly thicker than that of the NC group (F=5.552, P=0.004), however, difference was not statistically significant from the fellow eye group (F=5.552, P=0.270). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the CCD-1.0, CCD-1.5, and CCD-3.0 showed a linear correlation with the area of FAZ (β=－0.494, －0.527, －0.566; P=0.015, 0.009, 0.010) and CRT (β=－0.322, －0.466, －0.342; P=0.026, 0.002, 0.028). CCD-1.0 and CCD-1.5 showed a linear correlation with the vessel density of DCP (β=0.277, 0.275; P=0.047, 0.045). ConclusionBoth retinal and choroidal microvasculature are abnormal in resting eyes with PU, and macular circulation disorders may be present in the unaffected fellow eye.