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Imaging Evaluation of Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Objective　To review the value of imaging assessment of stem cell transplantation in treatment for liver cirrhosis.Methods　The related literatures in recent years were collected,and the applications of different radiological techniques and strategies of stem cell transplantation in treatment for liver cirrhosis were summarized.Results　Stem cell transplantation in treatment for liver cirrhosis was feasible and effective. Radiological assessment could supply the prompt and accurate information for clinic to choose the proper therapeutic method.The curative effect could also be accurately assessed by radiological techniques.Conclusion　Radiological examination is important for the assessment of stem cell transplantation in treatment for liver cirrhosis.

Multi-Slice Spiral CT Angiography of Liver with Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technique and Its Clinical Applications

Imaging Features of the Head and Face Injuries from 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake

摘要:目的:探讨5·12汶川8.0级地震中颅面部外伤的影像学表现特点。方法: 回顾性分析自2008年5月12~31日因地震颅面部外伤在我院行CT、MRI检查的伤员251例,其中CT检查248例,MRI检查16例。结果:放射检查阳性162例,阳性率为64.54%,以40～49岁年龄组最多,为53例,其中男性41例。在放射检查阳性中,多发伤112例(约69.13%),多类型颅面部外伤同时并存103例(约63.58%)。主要损伤发生率依次为软组织损伤(35.50%),骨折(22.94%),脑挫裂伤(21.21%),硬膜下及硬膜外血肿(10.40%),其它(共约9.92%)。结论: 地震造成颅面部外伤人群主要为40～49岁中年男性,多发伤、多类型颅面部外伤多见,并以软组织损伤、骨折、脑挫裂伤、硬膜下及硬膜外血肿较常见。Abstract: Objective: To describe the imaging features of head and face injured patients after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods: The radiological information of 251 victims who were suspicious of head and face injury and underwent CT or MRI examinations from 12 May to 31 May 2008 was analysed retrospectively. There were 248 and 16 cases underwent CT or MRI examinations respectively. Results: One hundred and sixtytwo cases(64.54% )were positive. There were 53 cases in the 4049 years old age group, of which 41 were male. In patients with positive findings, 112 cases (about 63.58%) were comprised of several types of head and face injury. The incidence of the main injury type included: soft tissue injury (35.50%), fracture (22.94%), cerebral contusion (21.21%), subdural and epidural hematoma (12.40%), others (9.92%). Conclusions: The males with head and face injury in 4049 years old group were the major injured people in this earthquake. Head and face injury accompanied by multiple system injuries, the existence of several types of head and face injury at the same time were common. Among all the injury types, soft tissue injury, fracture, contusion, subdural and epidural hematoma were relatively commom.

Study of Correlation Between Liver Volume and Liver Reserve Function in Posthepatitic Cirrhosis Patients

Objective　To explore the correlation between liver volume variation of posthepatitic cirrhosis patients and the severity of the disease. Methods　One hundred and eleven patients with normal livers and 74 posthepatitic cirrhosis patients underwent volume CT scan. The relation between normal liver volume and body height, body weight and body surface area was studied by linear regression and correlation method, the standard liver volume equation was deduced. The change ratio of liver volume in cirrhotic patients was calculated and compared with Child classification. Results　The mean normal liver volume of Chinese adults was （1 225.15±216.23） cm3, there was a positive correlation between liver volume and body height, body weight 〔liver volume (cm3)=12.712×body weight (kg)+450.44〕 and body surface area 〔liver volume (cm3)=876.02×body surface area (m2)-297.17〕. The mean liver volume of Child A, B and C patients were （1 077.77±347.01） cm3, (1 016.35±348.60) cm3 and (805.73±208.85) cm3 respectively. The liver volume and liver volume index was significantly smaller in Child C patients than those in Child A and B patients (P＜0.05); while liver volume change ratio was higher in Child C patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Liver volume variation of cirrhotic patients can be quantitatively assessed by 16 slices helical CT volume measurement and standard liver volume equation. The change of the liver volume is correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis.

Imaging Features of the Thoracic Trauma in Patients Injured in Wenchuan Earthquake

【摘要】　目的　探讨汶川大地震伤员胸部外伤的影像学表现特点。　方法　对2008年5月12日-6月21日因地震胸部外伤在我院放射科检查的687例患者（年龄1～96岁）的临床资料进行回顾性分析。将患者按10岁为一个年龄组划分。所有患者均行胸部X线片检查，38例行CT检查。　结果　687例患者中，256例检查结果为阳性，阳性率为37.26%。年龄以30~79岁年龄组为主。在阳性伤员中，98例（38.28%）为多系统多发伤，159例（62.11%）为多种类型胸部伤同时存在，肋骨骨折198例（约77.34%），肺挫裂伤49例(约19.14%)。　结论　本组地震伤员多系统多发伤、多类型胸部伤常见，肋骨骨折及肺挫裂伤为主要损伤表现。影像学检查有助于胸部外伤的及时和准确诊断。【Abstract】　Objective　To explore the imaging features of thoracic trauma in patients injured in Wenchuan earthquake. 　Methods　The radiological data of 687 patients (aged from 1 to 96 years) with thoracic trauma who underwent radiological examinations between 12 May and 21 June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the age. All patients underwent X-ray plain film examination, in whom 38 underwent CT examination.　Results　In 687 patients, the results of the examination were positive in 256 with a positive rate of 37.26%; the major injured patients were in the 30-79 years old group. In the patients with positive findings, 98 (38.28%) were accompanied by multi-system injuries, 159 (62.11%) were comprised of several types of thoracic trauma. There were 198 patients (about 77.34%) with rib fracture and 49 patients (19.14%) with lung contusion.　Conclusions　Multi-system injuries and several types of thoracic trauma are common in the patients injured in the earchquake. The main traumatic manifestations are rib facture and lung contusion. Imaging examination is very helpful in the diagnosis of thoracic trauma.

Imaging Features of the Vertebral Injury from 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:探讨5·12汶川大地震致脊椎外伤伤员的影像学表现特点。方法:回顾性分析自2008年5月12日至6月12日因地震性脊柱外伤在我院行放射检查者,共320例。其中行X线检查310例,CT检查38例,MRI检查15例。结果:148例伤员影像学检查为阳性,阳性率为46.25%。30～39岁年龄组伤员人数最多,为68例,其中女性40例。阳性伤员中,多发伤有80例(54.05%)。单一椎体骨折98例,多发椎体骨折42例,椎体脱位12例。椎体压缩骨折114个,爆裂骨折26个,附件骨折31个。310例伤员中,共累及182个椎体,即颈椎15个,胸椎59个,腰椎100个,骶椎8个。结论:地震致脊椎外伤受累人群主要为30～39岁青年女性,多发伤多见。单一椎体骨折相对多见,骨折损伤类型以压缩性骨折为主,腰椎为最常见受伤部位。影像学检查有助于脊柱外伤的及时准确诊断。

Hepatic Angiomyolipoma: CT Manifestations and Clinicopathologic Correlation (Report of 3 Cases)

Objective To investigate the CT imaging features of hepatic angiomyolipoma and its clinical characteristics. Methods The clinical, radiological, and pathological data of 3 hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) patients were retrospectively collected, and the imaging and diagnostic features were analyzed.Results All 3 cases were females, 2 complained of abdominal pain and one was absent of symptom. Both the laboratory examinations were normal in 2 cases, and hepatitis B virus markers were positive in one case. For CT features, the mass located in the superior anterior segment of the right hepatic lobe, in the posterior inferior segment of the right hepatic lobe, and in the left medial lobe, respectively. There were components of fat and soft tissue attenuation in these masses, and in which the CT value of the fat component was from -80 HU to -20 HU (mean -50 HU). There were enhancement in different degree and enhanced vascular imaging could be seen within the lesions. During surgery, all 3 masses were outgrowed from the hepatic lobes. Immunostainning showed HMB45 (+), αSMA (+), S100 (+)，which were bly suggestive of HAML.Conclusion HAML is a rare benign tumor with characteristic CT appearance, and its definite diagnosis relies on the immunohistochemical staining of HMB-45.

不同病理分级胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像特征分析

目的初步探讨不同病理分级的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的CT和MRI表现特点。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月期间于笔者所在医院经穿刺及手术病理学检查证实的15例胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床及影像资料，根据2010年WHO第4版“神经内分泌肿瘤病理分类标准”分为G1、G2及G3级后进行分析。 结果15例患者中，8例有神经内分泌症状，5例主要症状为腹痛，2例无任何症状；G1、G2及G3级各5例。15例患者共检出17个病灶（G1级5个，G2级5个，G3级7个），肿瘤主要位于胰体尾部（9个，其中G1级1个，G2级和G3级均为4个），其次为胰头（7个，其中G1级3个，G2级1个，G3级3个）；1个病灶内有钙化点（G2级），9个病灶内可见坏死（G1级2个，G2级4个，G3级3个）；10个病灶形态为类圆形（G1级3个，G2级3个，G3级4个），7个为不规则形（G1级2个，G2级2个，G3级3个）；10个病灶位于胰腺轮廓内（G1级4个，G2级3个，G3级3个），7个位于胰腺轮廓外（G1级1个，G2级2个，G3级4个）。CT平扫示17个病灶均为等或低密度，有坏死者密度不均。MRI检查示：5个病灶T1WI为低信号，T2WI为高信号（G1级1个，G2级1个，G3级3个）；2个病灶T1WI为低信号，T2WI为等信号（G1级1个，G2级1个）；1个病灶T1WI及T2WI均为等信号（G1级）。病灶强化方式：1个病灶表现为动脉期明显强化，门静脉期强化密度降低（G1级）；8个病灶表现为动脉期和门静脉期均明显强化（G1级3个，G2级4个，G3级1个），8个病灶表现为动脉期轻度-较明显强化，门静脉期进一步明显强化（G1级1个，G2级1个，G3级6个）。1例G1级及1例G2级病例发生肝脏转移，1例G3级病例发生肝脏多发转移及L2椎体骨转移，另1例G3级病例有门腔间隙淋巴结肿大。 结论各级别胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的影像表现不具有特异性，尚需进一步大样本研究。

CT appearances and clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a report of 33 cases

Objective To discuss the CT appearances and clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs). Method The clinical and CT materials of 33 cases of GI-NENs who treated in our hospital from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 33 cases, 25 males and 8 females were enrolled. The median age was 62-year old (27–78 years), and the age at diagnosis mainly focused in the 50–70 years period. GI-NENs situation: 12 cases in the stomach, 11 cases in the rectum, 3 cases in the esophagus and colon respectively, 2 cases in the duodenum and appendix respectively. The main clinical symptoms included: abdominal pain in 13 cases, dysphagia and obstruction in 9 cases, hematemesis and hematochezia in 8 cases, abdominal distention in 5 cases, stool and bowel habits change in 5 cases, subxyphoid pain in 3 cases, belching in 2 cases, diarrhea in 1 case, protrusion of the neoplasm when defecation in 1 case, obstructive jaundice in 1 case. Seven cases of G1 grade, 6 cases of G2 grade, 15 cases of G3 grade, and 5 cases of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas were found according to pathologic grading. The immunohistochemical marker: synaptophsin was positive in 31 cases, cytokeratin A was positive in 23 cases, and cytokeratin was positive in 9 cases. The CT appearances of GI-NENs were mainly thickening of the walls and formation of nodules or masses in local area. Moderately homogeneous enhancement (in 20 cases) and irregularly heterogeneous enhancement (in 13 cases) were both commonly seen. In addition, 13 cases of lymphadenophathy, 6 cases of liver metastasis, and 3 cases of lung metastasis were also detected by CT. Conclusions GI-NENs have a preference for elderly male. The most common site of onset is the stomach. Its clinical symptoms and CT appearances are nonspecific, however, the enhancement pattern of the tumors has a certain characteristic.

Application of functional MRI in assessment of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury

ObjectiveTo explore performances of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluation of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.MethodThe relative references about the principle of functional MRI and its application in the assessment of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury were reviewed and summarized.ResultsThe main functional MRI techniques for the assessment of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury included the diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD), dynamic contrast enhancement MRI (DCE-MRI), and T2 mapping, etc.. These techniques mainly used in the animal model with hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury currently.ConclusionsFrom current results of researches of animal models, functional MRI is a non-invasive tool to accurately and quantitatively evaluate microscopic information changes of liver tissue in vivo. It can provide a useful information on further understanding of mechanism and prognosis of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury. With development of donation after cardiac death, functional MRI will play a more important role in evaluation of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.