【摘要】 目的 观察手术前后乳腺癌患者体内辅助性T淋巴细胞（helper T lymphocyte，Th） 1、2型细胞因子的表达及意义。 方法 2009年11月－2010年12月，采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测40例乳腺癌患者（乳腺癌组）手术前、后和15例健康妇女（正常对照组）外周血单个核细胞培养上清液中Thl型细胞因子[白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-2、干扰素（interferon，IFN）-γ]和Th2型细胞因子（IL-4、IL-6）表达水平。 结果 乳腺癌组术前外周血IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-6的检测结果在分别为（326.5±67.4）、（288.5±35.6）、（41.2±10.8）、（526.1±136.4） ng/L，手术后分别为（958.1±284.7）、（559.6±106.9）、（26.1± 8.7）、（395.6±125.9） ng/L；在正常对照组分别为（1 498.0±325.9）、（784.6±126.3）、（16.6± 3.7）、（297.4± 83.7） ng/L。与正常对照组相比，术前乳腺癌患者外周血Th1型细胞因子表达降低，Th2型细胞因子表达升高，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；与术前相比，乳腺癌患者术后Thl型细胞因子表达升高，Th2型细胞因子表达降低，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 ①乳腺癌患者Th细胞呈现Th1抑制和Th2极化状态，细胞免疫受抑制。②手术切除肿瘤可在早期一定程度上逆转Th1/Th2的失衡状态，改善机体免疫状态，对预后产生积极作用。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the expression and significance of helper T lymphocyte(Th) 1 and 2 of breast cancer patients in vivo before and after operation. Methods From November 2009 to December 2010, Thl-type cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) expression in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 breast cancer patients before and after surgery (Breast cancer group) and 15 healthy women (Control group). Results The test results of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 in peripheral blood for patients of breast cancer group were (326.5±67.4), (288.5±35.6), (41.2±10.8), and (526.1±136.4) ng/L before surgery, and (958.1±284.7), (559.6±106.9), (26.1±8.7), and (395.6±125.9) ng/L after surgery. Those results for patients in the normal control group were (1498.0±325.9), (784.6±126.3), (16.6±3.7), and (297.4±83.7) ng/L respectively. Compared with the control group, the expression of peripheral blood Th1-type cytokines in pre-operative breast cancer patients was significantly lower, while expression of Th2-type cytokines was significantly higher (Plt;0.05); Compared with the pre-operative data, the expression of peripheral blood Th1-type cytokines in post-operative breast cancer patients was significantly higher, and the expression of Th2-type cytokines was significantly lower (Plt;0.05). Conclusions ①For Th cells in breast cancer patients, there is a tendency of Th1 suppression and Th2 polarization, and cellular immunity is suppressed. ②To some extent, surgical removal of tumors can reverse the Th1/Th2 imbalance early, improve the immune status, and has a positive effect on the prognosis.