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改良式输卵管吻合术疗效观察

目的 总结改良式输卵管吻合术的临床疗效。 方法 2008 年1 月－ 2010 年10 月，对89 例输卵管绝育术后育龄妇女行双侧改良式输卵管吻合术，从输卵管结扎部位浆膜层的分离、管芯的端端对合及吻合方法等方面改进。患者年龄25 ～ 42 岁，平均35 岁。手术时间为月经结束后3 ～ 7 d。术中取切除的输卵管结扎瘢痕组织送病理检查。吻合术后5 d 及第1 次月经结束后3 ～ 7 d 行输卵管通液手术。术后12 个月以上未妊娠者行子宫输卵管碘油造影。 结果 89 例双侧输卵管吻合均成功。术中见慢性盆腔炎8 例，病理检查示慢性输卵管炎17 例。术后5 d 输卵管通液通畅率为100%，第1 次月经结束3 ～ 7 d 通畅率为95.5%。术后避孕4 例。术后2 年内妊娠率为61.2%（52/85），其中术后12 个月内妊娠47 例；12 ～ 18 个月内妊娠5 例，其中2 例为输卵管妊娠。52 例妊娠者中，慢性盆腔炎患病率为3.8%（2/52），与33 例未孕患者慢性盆腔炎患病率42.4%（14/33）比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.261，P=0.000）。术后12 个月以上未孕者中14 例行输卵管碘油造影，有5 例输卵管梗阻。 结论 改良式输卵管吻合术具有吻合口张力小、对合好，缝合针数少，术后输卵管通畅性好等优点。建议对术后1 年以上未孕者尽早施行输卵管通畅性及盆腔炎症的评估。

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF TUBAL RECONSTRUCTION AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC TUBAL PREGNANCY OPERATION

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of the tubal reconstruction after laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation by comparing with simple laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation. MethodsBetween May 2007 and May 2010, 63 patients with tubal pregnancy underwent laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation and tubal reconstruction in 30 cases (trial group) or simple laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation in 33 cases (control group). There was no significant difference in age, pregnancy time, and position between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). The tube patency test and hysterosalpingography (HSG) were carried out to evaluate the efficacy. ResultsThe operation was successfully completed in 29 cases of trial group; 1 case had too severe adhesion to receive re-anastomosis and was excluded. The tube patency test showed that the tube was patency in 26 cases of trial group and in 2 cases of control group during operation, showing significant difference (Z=5.86, P=0.00); it was patency in 25 cases of trial group and in 26 cases of control group at 1 month after operation, showing no significant difference (Z=0.48, P=0.63). HSG examination showed tube was patency in 25 cases of trial group and in 2 cases of control group at 2 months after operation, showing significant difference (Z=5.35, P=0.00). After 24 months, intrauterine pregnancy of trial group (n=25, 86.20%) was significantly higher than that of control group (n=19, 57.58%) (χ2=7.72, P=0.01). ConclusionThe reconstruction after laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation can significantly increase the intrauterine pregnancy rate, and it is better than simple laparoscopic tubal pregnancy operation.

结扎术后输卵管二次吻合术六例临床分析

目的 总结分析结扎术后输卵管二次吻合术注意事项。 方法 1997年3月~2004年3月，对6例患者行结扎术后输卵管二次吻合术。年龄31～38岁。首次吻合术距二次吻合术时间为1～6年。术后随访输卵管复通及复孕情况。 结果 患者获随访1～7年。术后1个月，输卵管通液检查5例通畅；术后6个月，输卵管通液检查3例通畅， 1例已宫内妊娠；术后1年，宫内妊娠2例，足月分娩；术后2年输卵管妊娠1例。结论 结扎术后输卵管二次吻合术成功率尚不高，术中应用显微外科技术和保留足够长度输卵管是手术成功的关键。

输卵管壶腹部造孔法在复孕术中的应用

复孕术中,当输卵管的两个断端管径差异较大时,难以达到满意吻合,从而影响复孕效果。采用在壶腹部育端造一小孔,使远端孔径和近端管径大小一致,以达到满意吻合的改良方法。临床应用32例,随访1年以上,复通率100％,复孕率为93.7％。介绍了手术方法。

Salpingectomy before IVF-ET for Hydrosalpinx among Chinese Women: A Systematic Review

Objective　To assess the necessity and effectiveness of salpingectomy before IVF-ET for hydrosalpinx among Chinese infertile patients. Methods　The relevant papers published from 2000 to December of 2010 in China were electronically searched in CBM, VIP and CNKI to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving Chinese hydrosalpinx women with or without salpingectomy before IVF-ET. The quality of the included trials was independently assessed by two reviewers, and the data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan 5.0 software. Results　Nine RCTs involving 687 patients and 730 IVF-ET cycles were identified. The results of meta-analyses showed that: a) There were significant differences between the two groups in Gn dosage (WMD=1.23, 95%CI 0.17 to 2.30, P=0.02), fertilization rate (RR=1.07, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.13, P=0.006), cleavage rate (RR=1.05, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.09, P=0.03), clinical pregnancy rate (RR=1.92, 95%CI 1.41 to 2.61, Plt;0.000 1), and abortion rate (RR=0.34, 95%CI 0.13 to 0.86, P=0.002); and b) There were no significant differences between the two groups in days of Gn (WMD= –0.27, 95%CI –0.59 to 0.06, P=0.11), E2 in HCG day (WMD=59.15, 95%CI –9.61 to 127.91, P=0.09), number of eggs (WMD= –0.27, 95%CI –0.44 to 0.99, P=0.46), quality embryonic rate (RR=1.02, 95%CI 0.91 to 1.14, P=0.79), and ectopic pregnancy rate (RR=0.22, 95%CI 0.03 to 1.82, P=0.16). Conclusion　The current evidence shows that salpingectomy before IVF-ET for hydrosalpinx Chinese hydrosalpinx patients is necessary and effective. For the low quality of methodology of the included studies, more reasonably-designed and double-blind RCTs with large sample are required to provide more high-quality proof.

Clinical Analysis of Laparoscopic Operation for 36 Patients with Interstitial Tubal Pregnancy

Objective　To study the clinical value and surgical procedure of laparoscopic operation for interstitial tubal pregnancy. Methods　Clinical data of 36 patients of interstitial tubal pregnancy treated by laparoscopic operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results　All 36 patients were operated successfully, without conversions to laparotomy and intra- or post- operative complications. The operation time was 28-85 min(mean, 41min), and the length of stay in hospital postoperative was 3-6 d (mean, 4-5 d). Conclusion　Laparoscopic operation for interstitial tubal pregnancy is safe and feasible.

Clinical Evidence of Tubal Infertility

Clinical Evidence of Unexplained Infertility

Chinese Medicinal Herbs for Tubal Subfertility: A Systematic Review

Objective　To assess the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for subfertility. Method　Databases used including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR). Potentially related trials in reference lists of studies were hand searched. Published RCTs in any languages and length whether they were blind or unblind, were included. Treatments were Chinese medicinal herbs (single or compound), and controls were placebo, standard medical intervention, or no intervention. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and analyzed with Revman 4.2 softeware. Results　7 randomized trials, including 1 042 patients met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of all trials was poor. Chinese medicinal herbs were effective compared with routine antibiotics [RR 1.49, 95％CI (1.37 to1.62), Plt;0.000 01] and resulted in higher pregnancy rate [RR 1.46, 95%CI (1.09 to,1.96), P=0.01]. There were no adverse events reported in treatment group. Conclusions　Some Chinese medicinal herbs may be effective for subfertility. However, the evidence is too weak to draw a conclusion. More strictly designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required.

不同部位输卵管不孕的临床循证治疗

近年来，据WHO统计不育夫妇占已婚年龄夫妇的7%～15%，其中女方因素占40%，主要包括排卵障碍、输卵管因素、子宫因素及宫颈因素 ，输卵管疾病所致的不孕占25%～35%，其中输卵管阻塞占输卵管疾病的80%。根据阻塞部位的不同可分为近端输卵管不孕和远端输卵管不孕。近端输卵管不孕治疗方法包括选择性输卵管造影和经宫颈插管、输卵管子宫植入、绝育后复育者的输卵管吻合术、辅助生育技术；远端输卵管不孕治疗方法包括外科手术治疗、输卵管通液及辅助生育技术。此外，中医及物理治疗可作为输卵管不孕的辅助治疗。但近几年并无有关以上各种治疗方法妊娠率及临床疗效比较的报道，临床决策仍有一定困难。本文根据近年有关输卵管不孕不同治疗方法的相关临床研究证据，对其效果及妊娠率进行综述，以期全面了解各种治疗方案的优略。