【摘要】 目的 加强输血管理是保障血液合理利用和临床用血安全的重要手段。 方法 通过对医院临床用血情况的分析，以减少手术输血为切入点，采取强化意识，严控指征，完善术前准备，倡导自体输血，加强考核管理等方式促进临床合理用血。 结果 有效提升了医疗服务品质，保障医疗安全。 结论 其方法与措施此方法与措施供大型医院医疗管理参考借鉴。【Abstract】 Objective Strengthening blood transfusion management is an important means to ensure reasonable blood usage and clinical security during blood use. Methods With reducing surgery blood transfusion as a breakthrough point, We promotes clinical reasonable blood use and medical service quality by strengthening awareness of health workers, controlling indicators strictly, perfecting preoperative preparation, initiating autologous blood transfusion, enhancing assessment and management, and so on. Results The medical service quality was improved and the medical safety was ensured. Conclusion The experience could provide a reference for medical management in large hospitals.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between perioperative blood transfusion and hepatic postoperative infection. MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients undergoing hepatic operation were analyzed retrospectively on the relation of perioperative blood transfusion with postoperative infective morbidity and mortality in the period 1989-1999. The patients were divided into blood transfused group and nontransfused group. The major or minor hepatectomy was performed in 53 patients with hepatic malignancy and benign diseases. ResultsIn the blood transfused group, the infective morbidity and perioperative mortality rate was 38.5% and 16.7% respectively, significantly higher than those in nontransfused group (11.5% and 3.8% respectively), P＜0.05. The total lymphocyte count was lower in transfused group than that in nontransfused group. The postoperative antibiotics used time and length of hospital stay were (9.7±4.2) days and (18.7±13.1) days respectively in transfused group than those in nontransfused group (5.3±2.3) days and (12.7±5.2) days respectively. ConclusionThe results suggest that hepatic postoperative infective morbidity and mortality are related with perioperative blood transfusion. Any strategy to reduce blood loss in liver surgery and decrease blood transfusion would be helpful to lower postoperative infective morbidity.
输血相关性急性肺损伤（TRALI）是发生于输血期间或输血后的罕见并发症，以急性缺氧和非心源性肺水肿为特点，因死亡率高（5%~10%）而越来越受到临床关注[1]，据2004年美国食品药品管理局（FDA）的数据，TRALI为输血相关性死亡的首要因素[2]。根据文献资料，输注血制品、含血浆制品、新鲜冰冻血浆（FFP）和血小板的TRALI发生率分别约为1/5 000[3]，1/2 000[4]，1/7 900[5]和1/432[6]。据报道，所有血制品（除白蛋白外）均可引起TRALI[7]，甚至有作者怀疑大剂量给予白细胞介素-2（IL-2）也可能导致TRALI[8]。目前，我国有关TRALI的报道较少，仅有个别死亡案例报道[9，10]，而相关的研究报道很少，这可能与我们尚未认识到TRALI的危险性，以及对其的诊断率较低有关。
Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative use of low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） on early outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （OPCAB） . Methods Clinical data of 809 patients undergoingisolated OPCAB from April 1st，2011 to September 30th，2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into LMWH group and control group according to preoperative use of LMWH or not. In LMWH group，there were 386 patients including 290 male and 96 female patients with their age of 49-81 years，who routinely received anticoagulation therapy with LMWH （LMWH sodium or LMWH calcium，4 000 U twice a day，subcutaneous injection） after discontinuation of anti-platelet therapy until the day before surgery. In the control group，there were 423 patients including 321 male and 102 female patients with their age of 46-78 years，who didn’t receive LMWH or any other anticoagulant after discontinuation of anti-platelet therapy. Postoperative mortality，incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction （MI），operation time，amount of blood loss and transfusion，and incidence of postoperative acute renal injury were compared between the 2 groups. Results Intraoperative blood loss （296±94 ml vs. 249±81 ml，P=0.03），postoperative thoracic drainage （526±159 ml vs. 410±125 ml，P=0.02），blood transfusion （2.6±1.1 U vs. 1.4±0.9 U，P=0.04） and operation time （172±34 min vs. 154±41 min，P=0.04） of LMWH group were significantly larger or longer than those of the control group. There was no statistical difference in postoperative mortality（1.0% vs. 1.2%，P=1.00）or incidence of perioperative MI（4.4% vs. 3.8%，P=0.55）between the 2 groups. Conclusion For OPCAB patientswith stable ischemic heart disease，preoperative management without use of LMWH can decrease operation time and amountof blood loss and transfusion without increasing postoperative mortality or incidence of perioperative MI.
Objective [WTBZ]To assess the impact of dual antiplatelet therapy using aspirin and clopidogrel on postoperative bleeding and blood transfusion early after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods [WTBZ]In this randomized controlled trial, 249 patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups after coronary artery bypass grafting from December 2007 to December 2008. Daily clopidogrel (75 mg) and aspirin (100 mg) were initiated in 124 patients (group AC) while aspirin (100 mg) alone was administered to 125 patients (group A). Antiplatelet therapy was initiated within 48h postoperatively. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. Chest tube drainage and quantity of blood products used in both groups were recorded. The effects of the antiplatelet regimen on chest tube drainage were compared using a linear regression model. Results [WTBZ]No statistical difference of demographic, operative, and preoperative data was observed between the two groups （Pgt;0.05）. Chest tube drainage after patients received ntiplatelet agents was not significantly different between group A and group AC（495.00±270.89 ml vs. 489.25±316.68ml，t=0.146, P=0.884）. No statistical difference of cases of transfusion(81 cases vs. 91 cases，χ2=1.937, P=0.164) or quantity of red cells (2.51±2.88 U vs. 2.25±2.87 U, t=0.690, P=0.491) and plasma (195.45±300.88 ml vs. 223.01±238.68 ml,t=0.759, P=0.449) transfused was found between group A and group AC. No perioperative mortality, reexploration or extrathoracic bleeding occurred in either group. Early postoperative use of dual antiplatelet therapy was not associated with increased bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting on multivariable analysis（r=2.297，95%CI:-64.526,69.121，P=0.946）. Conclusionpresent study suggests that according to a predefined administration protocol, dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel can safely be administered in the early postoperative period in CABG patients, without increasing the risk of bleeding complications.
Objective To explore the clinical application of the postanesthetic autologus donation and the post-operative transfusion during the knee and hipreplacement surgeries. Methods Thirty-three patients (17 males,16 females) admitted for the elective joint replacement surgeries from September 2004 to January 2005 were included in this study. Of the 33 patients, 5 were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 23 with femoral head necrosis, and 5 with knee osteoarthritis. Immediately after anesthesia, 400 ml of the blood was drawn and transfused after the surgery. The blood pressure was monitored during the blood drawing, postoperative blood parameters were recorded, surgical site drainage and signs of infections were observed, and the other clinical data were collected.Results Of the 33 patients, 27 only received autologoustransfusion, including 21 patients who underwent the unilateral hip replacement and 6 patients who underwent the unilateral knee replacement. All these 6 patients with the unilateral knee replacement received the blood drained from the surgical sites in addition to the blood obtained from the postanesthetic autologous donation. Another 6 cases with the bilateral hip and knee replacement received the blood drained from the surgical sites, the blood obtained from the post-anesthetic autologous donation and 400 ml of the allogeneic blood transfusion. The blood received postoperatively averaged 650 ml (range, 200-1 150 ml), haemoglobin(Hb) was averaged 88 g/L (68-102 g/L), and Hct was averaged 24.6% (20.5% 31.5%). Hb and Hct were lower after operation than before operation(Plt;0.01). Conclusion Postoperative blood transfusion following the postanesthetic and preoperative autologous donation can be successfully applied to most of the patients undergoing theknee or hip replacement so as to reduce complications of the allogeneic blood transfusion.