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find Keyword "过敏" 57 results
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Omalizumab in Treating Allergy Bronchial Asthma: A Systematic Review

    Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in treating allergic bronchial asthma. Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about omalizumab in treating allergic bronchial asthma were searched in databases such as MEDILINE, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to April 2013. The references of included studies and relevant conference proceedings were also retrieved manually. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality, and then RevMan 5.1 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 4 195 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: a) Compared with the control group, the trial group revealed lower acute exacerbation of asthma during treatment (RR=0.71, 95%CI 0.65 to 0.77, Plt;0.000 01), and higher rate of patients achieved best/better results in Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) (RR=1.61, 95%CI 1.32 to 1.97, Plt;0.000 01). More patients could reduce the inhaled cortisteroid (ICS) by 50% during both treatment (RR=1.40, 95%CI 1.29 to 1.52) and 24-week follow-up period (RR=1.69, 95%CI 1.41 to 2.03). And it also increased the ratio of patients whose Asthma Quality Of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score got improved by 0.5 and 1.5 socres. b) There were no significant differences in the incidence of overall adverse events (RR=1.01, 95%CI 0.98 to 1.04) and severe adverse events (RR=0.94, 95CI 0.68 to 1.28). c) There might be the effects of omalzumab in improving lung function and reducing rescue medication use, but they were not obviously observed in the studies. Conclusion In the treatment of asthma, omalizumab can decrease the acute exacerbation of asthma and ICS use, and it is safer to improve the therapeutic effects and quality of life.

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  • The Research of the Relationship between Ambient Air Sulfur Dioxide and Allergen

    目的 通过分析环境空气中二氧化硫与过敏原的关联性,探讨二氧化硫在评估过敏性疾患中的作用。 方法 收集2005年1月1日-2012年12月31日绵阳市4个监测点二氧化硫浓度,及2007年7月1日-2012年12月31日的过敏性疾病患者各种过敏原的阳性百分比,采用Pearson相关分析探讨二氧化硫浓度变化对过敏原的影响。 结果 2005年-2012年绵阳市二氧化硫年平均浓度分别为(0.060 ± 0.022)、(0.054 ± 0.018)、(0.046 ± 0.012)、(0.030 ± 0.020)、(0.026 ± 0.010)、(0.035 ± 0.012)、(0.036 ± 0.008)、(0.030 ± 0.009) mg/m3。淡水鱼组合(fs34),海鱼组合(fs33),羊肉(f88),黄豆(f14),花生(f13),狗上皮(e2)与二氧化硫的Pearson相关系数分别为:0.144、0.186、0.209、0.150、0153、0.197。检验P值分别为:0.019、0.002、0.001、0.015、0.013、0.001。按α=0.05标准认为与二氧化硫存在正相关关系。而其余的尘螨组合(ds1)、普通豚草(w1)、律草(u80)、树组合(ts20)、雷菌组合(ms1)、蟑螂(i6)、屋尘(h1)、牛肉(f27)、虾(f24)、蟹(f23)、牛奶(f2)、鸡蛋白(f1)、猫毛(e1)、艾蒿(w6),按α=0.05标准,不能认为与二氧化硫存在正相关关系。 结论 环境空气二氧化硫与淡水鱼、海鲜、羊肉、大豆、花生及狗皮屑具有明确的相关性,对树组合、普通豚草、艾蒿、尘螨组合、屋尘、猫毛、蟑螂、霉菌组合、律草、鸡蛋白、牛奶、牛肉、虾、蟹等无明确的相关性。

    Release date:2016-08-26 02:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 静脉滴入注射用血凝酶过敏一例

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  • 水胶体敷料用于PICC置管后局部皮肤的观察

    目的:了解不同水胶体敷料用于PICC置管术后穿刺局部皮肤过敏的发生情况。 方法: 将PICC置管患者随机分为水胶体敷料组及透明敷贴组,实验组穿刺局部皮肤使用水胶体敷料,对照组常规使用3 M透明敷贴,比较两组患者穿刺局部皮肤过敏的发生率。 结果: 水胶体敷料组患者局部皮肤过敏的发生率(3.3%)低于3M透明敷贴组(24.1%)(P<0.05)。 结论: 水胶体敷料用于PICC置管术后穿刺局部皮肤的固定皮肤过敏的发生率低于3 M透明敷贴组。

    Release date:2016-08-26 02:21 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 外源性过敏性肺泡炎一例报告并文献复习

    外源性过敏性肺泡炎(EAA),是易感者反复吸入多种具有抗原性的有机粉尘及低分子化学物质所引起的一组临床综合征[1],病变主要累及两肺远端的细支气管、肺泡及肺间质,临床上少见。本文报道1例接触鸽子抗原发生EAA的患者,结合文献复习,对其病因、诊断和治疗讨论如下。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:35 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Effects of Acazolamide on Expression of Aquaporin-1 in Lung Tissues of Asthma Mice

    Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-1( AQP-1) in pulmonary tissues of asthma mice and the effects of acetazolamide( AZ) on AQP-1 expression. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group A was treated with phosphate buffer as a non-asthmatic group.The mice in group B, C, D, and E were sensitized with ovalbumin( OVA) and challenged with aerosol OVA to establish asthma model. The mice in group B, C, and D were interperitoneally injected with AZ at doses of 300, 200, 100 mg/kg, respectively during the challenge period. Results ①Wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissues in group E was significantly higher than that in group A( P lt;0. 05) , while it was lower in B, C and D groups than group E. ②The total number of cells, the number of eosinophils, and interleukin-5( IL-5) inBALF of group E were higher than those in group A( P lt;0. 05) , and interferon-γ( IFN-γ) level was lower in group E than in group A ( P lt; 0. 05) . After AZ treatment, the total number of cells, the number of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly decreased( P lt; 0. 05) , which were positively correlated with the dose of AZ. ③AQP-1 were expressed in tracheal epithelium, microvascular endothelial cell and bronchial peripheral vascular bed, and the expression in group E was significantly higher than that in group A( P lt;0. 01) . AQP-1 expression was significantly decreased after the intervention of AZ ( P lt;0. 05) .The decrease was positively correlated with the dose of AZ. The expression of AQP-1 mRNA showed no significant difference among these groups( P gt;0. 05) . Conclusions AQP-1 was over-expressed in the lung tissue of mice with asthma. AZ can inhibit the expression of AQP-1 and relieve lung inflammatory cells infiltrationin a dose-dependent manner. It is the protein expression of AQP-1 not the AQP-1 mRNA which were significantly different in different groups, suggesting that AZ affected AQP-1 in the post-transcriptional stage.

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:53 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 酷似双肺转移瘤的外源性过敏性肺泡炎一例

    病历摘要 患者女性, 51 岁。因“咳嗽咯痰6 个月余,加重1 个月”, 以“双肺转移瘤”于2009 年6 月1 日入院。患者于6 个月前无明显诱因出现阵发性咳嗽, 咯少量白色泡沫样痰, 发热( 体温37. 8 ~39 ℃) , 伴有胸痛。在门诊以“急性支气管炎”抗炎治疗2 周, 具体用药不详。发热及胸痛缓解,但仍有持续性咳嗽, 咯少量白色泡沫样痰。入院前1 个月咳嗽、咯少量白色泡沫样痰加剧, 为明确诊断来我院就诊。入院前1 d X 线胸部透视提示“双肺多发大小不一球形病灶”,以“肺转移瘤”收住呼吸科。自发病以来无盗汗、乏力、消瘦及咯血症状。无吸烟史。与宠物狗密切接触1 年余。

    Release date:2016-08-30 11:54 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Olson N, KasaharaDI, Hristova M, et al. Modulation of NF-kB and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by S-nitrosoglutathione does not alter allergic airway inflammation in mice. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2011,44: 813-823.

    【摘要翻译】 一 氧化氮合酶( NOS) -2( NOS-2) 的诱导和一氧化氮产物增加是过敏性气道疾病的共同特征。严重哮喘与气道S-亚硝基硫醇减少相关。S-亚硝基硫醇是NO的生化产物, 可通过促炎症转录因子NF-κB 的S-亚硝基化抑制炎症反应。因此, 重建气道S-亚硝基硫醇对治疗可能有益。我们对此假设在以卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性炎症大鼠模型中进行验证。未使用或使用卵清蛋白致敏的动物均在卵清蛋白激发前于气管内灌注S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽( GSNO;50 μl, 10 mM) , 并在48 h 以后进行分析。GSNO 给药增加了肺组织S-亚硝基硫醇水平。与对照组比, GSNO 降低了卵清蛋白致敏动物NF-κB 的活性, 但对支气管肺泡灌洗细胞总数、分类计数及杯状细胞化生标记物均无显著影响。GSNO给药也改变了HIF-1 的活性, 导致未致敏大鼠HIF-1 活化,但抑制卵清蛋白致敏大鼠的HIF-1 活性。我们使用NOS-2基因敲除小鼠来评价内源性一氧化氮合成酶-2 在调节NF-κB和( 或) HIF-1 活性及气道过敏性炎症的作用。尽管在NOS-2 基因敲除小鼠中卵清蛋白诱导的NF-κB 活力轻度增高, 这与支气管肺泡灌洗中性粒细胞轻度增加有关, 其他的过敏性炎症指标和HIF-1 活性在NOS-2 基因敲除及野生型小鼠之间却无明显相差。总体来说, 我们的研究表明GSNO灌注能抑制气道过敏性炎症中NF-κB 活性, 但是并不能显著地影响大部分炎症及杯状细胞化生指标, 这样可能因为对其他信号通道( 比如HIF-1) 的影响而限制了它的治疗价值。【述评】 GSNO 是近年哮喘治疗研究的热点。既往的研究发现GSNO 在哮喘治疗中有一定前景。本研究却发现GSNO 气管内滴注虽能抑制过敏性气道炎症中NF-κB 活性,但并不能显著抑制气道炎症反应及杯状细胞化生这两个哮喘关键病理改变, 可能与GSNO 同时影响了HIF-1 等其他信号通路有关。该研究表明GSNO 对哮喘气道炎症治疗效果有限, 同时表明哮喘气道炎症调控机制较为复杂, 治疗药物的设计需考虑多种信号通路对哮喘气道炎症的影响。

    Release date:2016-09-13 04:00 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • PERIPHERAL ANTI-HYPERALGESIC EFFECT OF AMITRIPTYLINE FOR SCIATIC NERVE BLOCKADE ONNEUROPATHIC PAIN OF RATS

    Objective To investigate whether the peri pheral administration of amitri ptyl ine produces antihyperalgesiceffect following the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Methods Forty-eight maleCCI rats weighing (220 ± 20) g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8):group NS, group A2.5, group A5, group A10,group A15.9 and group Aip. In the group NS, group A2.5, group A5, group A10 and group A15.9, sciatic nerve blockade was locally performed with 0.5 mL normal sal ine, and 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.9 mmol/L amitriptyl ine respectively through implanted cannulas on the 7th day after operation. In the group Aip, amitriptyl ine (2.5 mg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and motor function were measured before and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after sciatic nerve blockade. Results Forty-eight CCI rats were all survival without infection palsy and catheter fall ing off. The rats of group A2.5, group NS and group Aip didn’t produce ambulation deficits. There were no significant difference in these 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). However compared with group A2.5, group NS and group Aip, the rats of group A5, group A10, group A15.9 all produced significant ambulation deficits (P lt; 0.05). The ambulation deficits lasted 2 hours (group A5), 4 hours (group A10), 8 hours (group A15.9) respectively. But the ambulation deficits of CCI rats were all reversible. The MWT and TWL of groups with local injection of amitriptyl ine increased when conpared with group NS, group Aip and those of before injection (P lt; 0.05). Sciatic nerve blockade with amitriptyl ine significantly suppressed mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats. The peripheral anti-hyperalgesic effects lasted 2 hours (A2.5 group), 4 hours (group A5), 24 hours (group A10), 24 hours (group A15.9) respectively. But there were no significant difference between A10 group and A15.9 group (P gt; 0.05). There were no significant difference between group NS and group Aip (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The peri pheral anti-hyperalgesic effects can be found in sciatic nerve blockade of amitri ptyl ine on CCI rats. And this effect of amitri ptyl ine has concentration dependent and ceil ing effect. Amitri ptyl ine of 5.0-15.9 mmol/L can produce significantambulation deficits which are reversible.

    Release date:2016-09-01 09:19 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 荧光素钠静脉注射致超敏反应的不同表现一例

    Release date:2016-09-02 05:51 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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