支气管哮喘( 简称哮喘) 是由多种细胞包括气道的炎性细胞和结构细胞( 如嗜酸粒细胞、肥大细胞、T 淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、平滑肌细胞、气道上皮细胞等) 和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病。近年来其患病率在全球范围内呈逐年增长趋势, 虽然90% ～95% 的哮喘患者应用吸入β2 激动剂和糖皮质激素治疗能够控制症状, 但停药后症状可能再次出现, 部分患者对激素治疗抵抗。随着对哮喘发病机制的深入认识, 探索了多种新的靶向治疗, 但目前还处于研发和临床试验过程中。现简要概述免疫调节剂相关的哮喘靶向治疗的作用机制、效应及与之相关的不良事件。
Objective To observe the effect of fresh orange peel flavor inhalation on the improvement of gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting in tumor patients during chemotherapy. Methods Ninety-one inpatients undergoing chemotherapy with PF and TP regimens between May 2012 and September 2013 were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into orange group (n=45) and control group (n=46). Patients in the control group received conventional care, while those in the orange group were treated with fresh orange peel flavor inhalation during chemotherapy. We observed the effect of orange peel flavor inhalation on such gastrointestinal reactions as nausea and vomiting in tumor patients during chemotherapy. Results All the patients completed each cycle of chemotherapy. At the fifth day during chemotherapy, compared with the control group, the incidence rates of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ gastrointestinal reactions (nausea and vomiting) in the orange group were significantly lower (P=0.023). At the fourth day, when gastrointestinal reactions were the most significant, the food intake of patients in the orange group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.012). During chemotherapy, the addition rate of antiemetic drugs in the orange group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.038). In the orange group, 80.0% of the patients had good self-feeling after orange peel flavor inhalation. Conclusions The study results have shown that fresh orange peel flavor inhalation can effectively improve the gastrointestinal reactions (such as nausea and vomiting), appetite, and degree of comfort in tumor patients during chemotherapy, and reduce the use of antiemetic drugs. This study is of great significance to guide the future research on how to reduce the discomfort of on-chemotherapy patients and provide more comfortable care.
Objective To analyze the reason of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian failure, and to review the progress of ovarian functional reconstruction. Methods The l iterature about the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on ovarian function and reconstruct ovarian function was reviewed, analysed and summarized. Results Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both affect ovarian function. The ovarian function reconstruction included fresh ovarian transplantation and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation. Frequent ovarian cryopreservation was procedure slow-freezing protocols and vitrification protocols. Some laboratory and animal models of ovarian function reconstruction have come to gratifying results. Conclusion Ovarian function reconstruction has a potential cl inical value and provides a promising future.
目的：探讨医院收治甲型H1N1流感患者的感染控制策略。方法：通过扎实的全员培训、考核,使所有工作人员掌握医院感染控制技能;并在收治中国内地首例甲型H1N1流感的诊疗过程中,对医疗操作全过程的医院感染控制措施和手段,实施层级监督。结果：在收治中国内地首例甲型H1N1流感的诊疗过程中未发生院内感染,无第二代患者出现。结论：应急工作常态管理,及时制定应急预案,监督落实医院感染控制措施,是患者成功有序诊疗和院感控制的有力保证。
目的:评价奈达铂联合氟脲嘧啶/四氢叶酸治疗晚期复发耐药食管癌的疗效及不良反应。方法:30例晚期复发耐药食管癌均经病理学或细胞学确诊。奈达铂100mg/㎡,静脉滴注,第1天;氟脲嘧啶500mg/㎡,静脉滴注,维持6～8小时,第1～5天; 四氢叶酸200mg,静脉滴注,第1～5天,21天为一周期,连续用2周期后评价疗效及不良反应。结果:30例均完成2个周期以上化疗,共接受86周期化疗,全部病例均可评价疗效及不良反应。无CR病例,PR 13例(43.3%),SD 7例(23.3%),PD 10例(33.3%),有效率为43.3%,TTP 4.0月,MST8.3月。不良反应主要是骨髓抑制,恶心、呕吐,全组无IV度不良反应。结论:奈达铂联合氟脲嘧啶/四氢叶酸治疗晚期复发耐药食管癌有确切疗效,不良反应轻,耐受性好,值得临床进一步推广应用。
Objective To investigate the application of risk assessment in the control of nosocomial infections in surgical departments of infectious disease hospitals so as to provide references for the regulation of prevention and control measures. Methods Nosocomial infection risks in surgical departments of infectious disease hospitals were identified by the method of brainstorming. Based on risk assessment and planning of American children's national medical center in Washington for epidemic and infectious diseases control, the matrix method was used for risk assessment. The three highest risks were controlled, and then we compared the incidence of nosocomial infections before and after the risk assessment. Results The major risk factors in surgical departments existed in the process of diagnosis and treatment. By matrix scoring, excluding high readiness items, we found that the top three risks were airborne diseases, prevention and nursing of hematogenous infections and air disinfection. Nosocomial infection rate in the surgical departments dropped to 2.03% after carrying out risk assessment and taking correspondent measures (χ2=5.480,P=0.019). Conclusion Evaluation of nosocomial infection risk in surgical departments of infectious disease hospitals can discover major potential risks and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections, which can provide references for management and control of nosocomial infections.