Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of nucleic acid sequence that exceeds 200 nucleotides in length and cannot encode any complete protein. In recent years, its important regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes has been gradually clarified, however, few studies have reported its role in carcinogenic virus infection. This article summarizes the currently known lncRNAs abnormally expressed in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, and focuses on the mechanisms of lncRNAs regulating the occurrence and development of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma such as controlling virus replication and host immunity, cell cycle and proliferation, invasion and metastasis, autophagy and apoptosis of liver cancer cells, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection is associated with various tumors of lymphoid and epithelial origin. EB virus exists in most humans as a latent infection. EB virus latent infection-related genes play a key role in the EB virus latent infection, and also play an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of related tumors. This article will briefly introduce the characteristics of EB virus latent infection, the protein coding genes and non-coding genes related to EB virus latent infection (including EB virus nuclear antigen genes, EB virus latent membrane protein genes, EB virus encoded small RNA genes and EB virus microRNA genes), and the main functional mechanism of these EB virus latent infection-related genes in EB virus latent infection and subsequent tumorigenesis. The purpose is to providea theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the EB virus latent infection and the mechanism of tumors caused by EB virus.
Patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are the critical source of infection due to high viral load and strong transmission ability. The vast majority of patients in the acute infection stage have no or only mild clinical symptoms, and their screening and diagnosis often rely on laboratory tests. However, there are still some difficulties in early screening and detection for HIV infection due to the detection window period. In recent years, laboratory testing for acute HIV infection has made great progress. This article reviews the progress in laboratory testing of acute HIV infection, in order to provide a reference for follow-up related research.
Neurosyphilis is a group of clinical syndromes in which Treponema pallidum invades the nervous system and causes damage to the meninges, blood vessels, brain parenchyma or spinal cord. At present, there is no highly specific and sensitive method for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and its diagnosis mainly depends on clinical manifestations, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid and the comprehensive judgment of clinicians. Current studies show that some cytokines and chemokines are promising for laboratory detection of neurosyphilis. This article reviews the research progress of neurosyphilis from the aspects of traditional laboratory testing, polymerase chain reaction testing, cytokine and chemokine testing, and existing diagnostic criteria for neurosyphilis, in order to provide a reference for clinical testing and follow-up research.
ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of first diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in a general hospital, so as to improve early recognition and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of HIV/AIDS patients who were diagnosed for the first time and had medical records in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to December 2016. Epidemiological information, clinical characteristics and opportunistic infection of these patients were analyzed.ResultsThe 1 036 HIV/AIDS patients were mainly from other regions of Sichuan Province except Chengdu. The overall ratio of male to female was 3.26∶1, and the ages of the patients were mainly between 15 and 59 years old (83.20%). In the occupational distribution, household or unemployed accounted for the largest proportion (36.39%). In terms of education level, junior high school accounted for the largest proportion (27.70%). Among marital status, married accounted for the largest proportion (52.41%). Among ethnic groups, the Han nationality accounted for the largest proportion (87.64%). The main infection route was sexual transmission (82.05%), of which heterosexual transmission accounted for 65.64% and homosexual transmission accounted for 16.41%. The clinical departments of confirmed patients had a wide range of sources, the top five of which were General Outpatient Clinic, Infection Center, Department of Emergency, Department of Dermatology & Venerology and Department of Neurology. Of the patients, 66.99% reported asymptomatic, and 33.01% had one or more symptoms. The most common symptoms were systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue and lymphadenopathy, as well as clinical manifestations of respiratory system, nervous system and gastrointestinal system. The clinical stage of HIV/AIDS patients were mainly asymptomatic phase and AIDS phase, accounting for 98.65%. Among the HIV/AIDS patients, there were obviously more medical patients than surgical patients. The most common symptoms of the medical patients were fever, cough and expectoration, headache, fatigue and abdominal pain. The main symptoms of the surgical patients were headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. Compared with the surgical HIV/AIDS patients, the medical patients were younger (Z=−2.647, P=0.008), and the platelet counts (t=−2.110, P=0.036) and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−4.639, P<0.001) were lower, the differences were statistically significant. Compared with the homosexually transmitted HIV/AIDS patients, the heterosexually transmitted patients were older (t=25.477, P<0.001), and had lower CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (Z=−2.779, P=0.005). And in males, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin content were lower. There were 214 patients (20.66%) with opportunistic infections, and 50 patients (4.83%) with tumors.ConclusionsHIV/AIDS patients in this general hospital come from different clinic departments, and were mainly Han nationality and married men. Sexual transmission is the main transmission route. Common clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS include fever, fatigue, cough and expectoration, headache, abdominal pain and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients combined with opportunistic infections and tumors need more attention.
Objective To evaluate the performance of i3000 direct chemiluminescence detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen and antibody (Ag/Ab) screening assay (Maccura), compared with E170 electrochemiluminescence method (Roche, Elecsys® HIV Combi PT assay) and IS1200 indirect chemiluminescence method (Maccura). Methods Ten HIV seroconversion panels and 11 p24 antigen positive samples from West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April to December 2017 were used to evaluate the sensitivity of those three assays. A total of 351 samples were collected for consistency evaluation, including 350 HIV Ag/Ab test samples (200 HIV-1 positive plasma samples and 150 HIV 1+2 negative plasma samples) from West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April to December 2017, and one commercial HIV-2 sera. A total of 98 interfere samples for HIV testing were collected from West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April to December 2017. Results In the sensitivity evaluation, there were 63 samples from the 10 seroconversion panels, in which Roche E170 detected 25 samples, Maccura i3000 detected 23 samples, and Maccura IS1200 detected 22 samples; Maccura i3000 and Roche E170 assays detected all the p24 antigen positive samples (11, 100%), while Maccura IS1200 only detected 10 samples. In the consistency evaluation, Maccura i3000 had nice consistency with both Roche E170 and Maccura IS1200 (kappa>0.9, P<0.001). In the interference evaluation, there were two false positives in Maccura i3000 detection, one case of rheumatoid arthritis and one case of syphilis. Conclusion In addition to high throughput and good consistency, Maccura i3000 direct chemiluminescence reagent has high sensitivity and a short window period, which can meet clinical needs.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 p24 antigen is one of the earliest proteins appearing after HIV infection. It can be used as a diagnostic marker to shorten the detection “window period” to about 14 days. It is of vital importance in the process of early diagnosis and antiviral therapy monitoring. This review briefly describes the basic structure and clinical significance of detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen, focusing on the current domestic and foreign researches on the biosensors of HIV-1 p24 antigen based on new nanomaterials, in order to provide a reference for developing novel detection technology.
目的 评价LB-SDS2.0型酸性氧化电位水生成机生成的酸性氧化电位水对皮肤（手）消毒的有效性和安全性。 方法 2006年2月－8月将90例健康志愿受试者随机分为3组，各组30例。A组用LB-SDS2.0型酸性氧化电位水生成机生成的酸性氧化电位水（试验产品）消毒2 min，B组用试验产品消毒4 min，C组（对照组）用聚维酮碘溶液擦拭3 min。检测消毒后菌落总数和致病菌，以及受试者不良反应情况。 结果 按照Ⅲ类区域工作人员洗手消毒标准，A、C组合格率均为100%，B组为96.7%；按照Ⅰ、Ⅱ类区域工作人员洗手消毒标准，A组合格率为86.7%；B组合格率为93.3%，C组合格率为100%。各组受试者试验后生命体征均无临床意义的改变，未出现任何不良反应。 结论 试验产品消毒手是安全有效的，可推荐用在Ⅲ类区域工作人员中使用，并进一步观察其安全性和有效性。建议扩大样本含量进一步评价其试验产品是否适用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类区域工作人员洗手消毒。
Objective To explore the relationship between the level of serum ferritin (SF) and liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods The concentration of serum ferritin of 98 patients with CHB from July to October 2014 was measured, and then correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between SF and such indexes as serum tumor marker α-fetoprotein, biochemical markers [alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin and total bilirubin (TBIL)], and hepatitis B serum markers (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B e antibody, and hepatitis B core antigen). Serum hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) viral load was also tested, and then the discrepancy of SF levels in the high and low viral load groups was analyzed. Results The average concentration of the abnormally elevated SF was (878.69±837.98) ng/mL. The SF mean difference between low-load HBV-DNA and high-load HBV-DNA was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Serum ferritin levels were independently and positively correlated with ALT, AST, and TBIL (P < 0.01) and inversely correlated with TP and albumin (P < 0.01). Conclusion The rise of SF is associated with liver damage, which can reflect the state of inflammation of patients with CHB.