Purpose To study the proteins expression of genes related to apoptosis of retinal cells in development of human fetus． Methods Fifty cases of retinas of human fetus aged from 12 to 38 we eks were collected and paraffin embedded sections were made． Immunohistochemical method was used． Results Fas protein was expressed by cells of ganglion cell layer, inner and outer nuclear later, which were just formed on 16th week． It was not expressed until 38th week, Fas(+) staining appeared in layers of retina． Fas-L(+) staining was detected in cells of layers of retina on 26th week and the positive staining located in ganglion cell layer on 32th week． Neuronal fiber layer was Fas-L positive． Bax positive staini ng was detected on 8th week． Bax positive nucleus were observed mainly in GCL and ONL on 16th week． It was in INL on 24th week and in Muuml;ller cells inner terminates on 26th week． After this time, all cells of retina were bax immune ne gative staining． Bcl-2(+) staining appeared in differentiating neuroblastic layer on 16th week． Beginning on 24th week, bcl-2 (+) staining was observed in glial cells of GCL and inner terminates of Muuml;ller cell． Conclusion Apoptosis of developing retinal cell may be Fas/Fas-L independent and bax may be involved in apoptosis of the cells． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:55-57)
Objective To investigate the clinical features, etiological classification and staging of epiretinal macular membrane(MEM)． Methods Clinical materials of 194 cases of MEM diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography in outpatient department of eye clinic in this hospital from 1983 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed． Results There were typical clinical symptoms and signs of MEM in all of this 222 eyes of 194 patients． Etiological classification revealed that 4 cases were congenital(2．12%), 22 cases were secondary(11．34%), and 168 cases were idio pathic(86．60%)． Staging of course of disease indicated that 119 eyes were in early stage(53．60%), 72 eyes were in middle stage(32．43%), and 31 eyes were in late stage(13．96%)． Conclusion MEM may be classified as congenital, secondary and idiopathic type according to its pathogenesis , as early, middle and late stage according to the clinical course of disease．This can be helpful in treating the disease． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:210-213)
PURPOSES:To investigate the time of neuronie apoptosis in the retinas of Imman fetuses,and its relations with neuronie proliferation and differentiation, METHODS:The retinas of 27 human fetuses from 8th to 38th week of R,~til- ization age and 3 adults were studied by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling(TUNEL) method. RESULTS:Tbe nuctei of labeled apoptotic cells were charaeterised by nuclear marginization,ehromatln condensation and cleseent shape,and some apoptotie bodies were visible in the specimens. The apoptosis of neuroepithelium of fetal rclina took place during 8th to 18th week, Apoptosis of ganglion cells were observed from 1256 to 18th week. The apoptos[s of pholorec, plors were formd from 14th to 2Ist week ,while thai of bipolar neurones and M~ller cells were found from ldth to 28th week. No apoptosb of ocstones were observed in the retinas after 28th week of fertilization age and within the retinas of adults. CONCLUSION:The proliferating cells of neuroepithelium and Ihe neurones which just differetiated from fetal retina might partly undergo apoptosis. The time of apoptosls of differentiated neurones was consistent with the time of the synapses formation between neurones and their targel cells. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:67 -69 ）
PURPOSE:To observe tbe development of structure of the retinal blood vessels in human fetuses. METHODS:The retinas of 134 human fetuses from 12-weeks of fertilization to full term and of 4 adults were collected,and examined with immunohlstoebemical method. RESULTS:The examinations showed:(1)The spindle ceils only existed in the retinas of fetuseslt;27 weeks. Till full term,the vessels in ganglion cell layer(GCL)was still budding. (2)BM of all arterioles,venules and capillaries within the retinas of all fetuses and adults,was immunostained after exposure to antlsera against fibronectin.The laminin(LN)and type Ⅳ collagen(COL-Ⅳ)immunoreactive product appeared outside tbe endothelial cells of blood vessels in GCL at 25 weeks and 29 weeks,and tile b LN and COL-Ⅳ immunostaining around four layers of the retinal vessels in tile shape of sbeath appeared at 29 weeks and 32 weeks respectively. (3)As soon as the cords of the endothelial cells were canaized,the smooth muscle cells and perieytes appeared outside the walls. (4)While four layers of the retinal vasculature was spreading to the ora serrata,the glial limitans was formed outside the endothelial cells by the processes of astrocytes and Muuml;ller cells. CONCLUSIONS:Comparing with the adults,certain de fleieneies of the structure of the retinal vessels exisl in the human fetus,and tile endnthelial cells in the retina of the full lerm fetus arc still in proliferation and migration. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13:153-156）