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Catheter Directed Thrombolysis versus Mechanical Thrombectomy Combined with Catheter Directed Thrombolysis for Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis

目的研究置管溶栓联合球囊扩张导管碎栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2011年9月至2015年1月本院收治的82例急性下肢DVT患者的临床资料。将患者分成两组：A组行单纯经导管直接溶栓（CDT）治疗，共32例，其中男10例、女22例，平均年龄（56±15）岁；B组行CDT联合机械碎栓（球囊扩张导管碎栓）治疗，共50例，其中男18例、女32例，平均年龄（57±17）岁。比较2组治疗前后静脉通畅率、静脉通畅度评分、健侧和患侧下肢周径差，比较2组尿激酶用量及溶栓导管留置时间，以出血并发症、肺栓塞的发生率评价治疗的安全性。 结果2组共82例患者完成溶栓及碎栓疗程，B组较A组溶栓时间更短，A组平均9（7，12）d；B组平均5（4，7）d，2组差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；B组较A组尿激酶用量更少，A组平均7.250（6.355，8.255）×106 U，B组平均4.925（3.715，5.810）×106 U，2组差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；B组治疗后的静脉通畅度评分显著优于A组，A组65.0%（40.5%，86.5%），B组为100%（90%，100%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗后2组出血并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.0976）。2组患者随访时间3～18个月，A组随访率50.0%，B组随访率58.0%，均未发生肺动脉栓塞。 结论在下腔静脉滤器保护下，CDT联合球囊扩张导管碎栓治疗急性下肢DVT较单纯CDT治疗，溶栓效果好、尿激酶用量少、不增加肺栓塞及出血发生率。

Influence of CYP2C9 *3, VKORC1-1639 G>A and CYP4F2 rs2108622 Genetic Polymorphisms on Warfarin Dosage

Objective To investigate the influence of CYP2C9 3，VKORC1-1639 G＞A and CYP4F2 rs2108622 genetic polymorphisms on warfarin dosages of patients after heart valve replacement. Methods A total of 133 patients　undergoing heart valve replacement in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital from November　2011 to August 2012 were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction（PCR）gene sequencing was performed to detect CYP2C9 3，VKORC1-1639 G＞A and CYP4F2 rs2108622 genetic polymorphism of these 133 patients. Patients were grouped according to their genotypes，and average warfarin dosages were compared between different genotype groups. Results The frequencies of CYP2C9 3 AA，AC and CC were 127 patients，6 patients and 0 patient respectively，and average daily warfarin dosages were 3.75 mg and 2.13 mg respectively which were statistically different between differentCYP2C9 3 genotypes （P＜0.05）. The frequencies of VKORC1-1639 G＞A GG，GA and AA were 3 patients，32 patientsand 98 patients respectively，and average daily warfarin dosages were 6.00 mg，4.50 mg and 3.00 mg respectively which were statistically different between different VKORC1-1639 G＞A genotypes （P＜0.05）. The frequencies of CYP4F2 rs 2108622 CC，CT and TT were 67 patients，59 patients and 7 patients respectively，and average daily warfarin dosages were 3.00 mg，3.75 mg and 4.50 mg respectively which were statistically different between different CYP4F2 rs2108622 genotypes（P＜0.05）. Conclusion CYP2C9 3，VKORC1-1639 G＞A and CYP4F2 rs2108622 genetic polymorphisms are　associated with individual difference of warfarin dosages of patients after heart valve replacement.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Report of 253 Patients

Abstract: Objective To summarize the 17-year clinical experience of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods From April 1987 to May 2004, total 253 patients with coronary artery disease underwent CABG. The operation were performed in 217 patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with moderate hypothermia, because of calcified ascending aorta, partial replacement of ascending aorta wall with apiece of Gore-Tex graft for the proximal anastomosis were done in 10 patients. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) were performed in 30 patients. The operation under CPB with heart beating were performed in 6 patients. Cardiac valvular operations were performed in 15patients. Left atrium myxoma operation was performed in 1 patient. Left ventricular aneurysm plasty operation were performed in 10 patients. Results Total mortality rate was 7.9% (20/253). There was significant difference between the mortality rate of the first 10 years (16.0%,8/50) and that of the last 7 years (5.9%,12/203; χ2=5.62，Plt;0.05). The causes of death were: 3 patients died on table because of low cardiac output after valvular replacement though emergent CABG were conducted, 2 patients died of multiple organ failure after valvular replacement and emergent CABG had undergone, 3 patients died of ventricular fibrillation during closing the sternum, 6 patients died of multiple organ failure caused of severe lung infection, 2 patients died of ventricular fibrillation after operation, and 4 patients died of acute renal failure. One hundred and fiftyseven patients (67.4%, 157/233) were followed up, follow-up time was 6 months to 15 years. Three of them died of unknown causes, most of them have improved life quality. There were 87 patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅰ, 49 patients in NYHA class Ⅱ, 16 patients in NYHA classⅢ, and 2 patients in NYHA classⅣ. Conclusion When the experience of surgery and postoperative care is matured, CABG is a safe method for treatment of coronary artery disease. Partial replacement of ascending aorta wall with GoreTex graft for proximal anastomosis of the graft is acandidate method for the treatment of patients with calcified ascending aorta.

冠状动脉畸形的外科治疗

摘要 目的　总结先天性冠状动脉畸形的手术治疗经验。　方法　11例冠状动脉畸形患者中冠状动脉瘘8例，冠状动脉起源异常3例。合并法洛四联症1例，风湿性心瓣膜病2例。右冠状动脉瘘均在心肺转流术下经心腔修补内瘘口或经扩张的冠状动脉修补外瘘口或同时修补内、外瘘口；左冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘行瘘支动脉结扎术或在心肺转流术心脏不停跳下经肺动脉修补；左冠状动脉-左心室瘘伴主动脉瓣关闭不全经左冠状动脉修补外瘘口及主动脉瓣成形术。左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉畸形行左冠状动脉根部结扎或冠状动脉旁路移植术。合并的心脏疾病均同时纠治。　结果　本组无手术死亡，术后心脏杂音均消失，10例术后症状缓解。　结论　先天性冠状动脉畸形一旦确诊，主张手术治疗。

马方综合征的外科治疗

目的 总结10年来36例马方综合征(Marfan syndrome)的外科治疗经验,以提高手术疗效. 方法 全组均在全身麻醉、中度低温、体外循环下完成手术,其中Bentall手术35例,Cabrol手术1例;同期行二尖瓣成形术5例, 动脉导管未闭直视缝闭术1例,漏斗胸行胸骨翻转术1例,急诊手术1例. 结果 36例中存活33例,死亡3例,术后6小时因大量渗血致心律失常死亡1例,术后3天因多器官功能衰竭死亡1例,术后7天因肾功能衰竭死亡1例.早期主要并发症为术后出血,后期未出现严重并发症. 结论 Bentall和Cabrol手术对Marfan综合征手术治疗效果满意.

漏斗胸合并先心病的外科治疗

Clinical Analysis of 21 Patients with Cardiac Surgery by Cardiopulmonary Bypass during Pregnancy

目的探讨妊娠期体外循环手术的围术期处理方法及母婴安全性。 方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年3月福建省立医院心外科21例妊娠期行体外循环手术患者的临床资料，年龄（26.2±3.4）岁。 结果母亲19例生存，2例死于多器官功能衰竭。婴儿6例引产，2例死亡，生存13例。随访13例存活新生儿8个月至8年，并对4例年龄大于6岁的儿童进行韦氏儿童智力量表第4版（WISC-IV）测试，得分分别为92分、104分、106分、90分，平均98分，与正常儿童无明显差异[（100±15）分]。 结论体外循环下心脏手术对于妊娠期合并严重心脏病患者是可行的，手术的危险性主要取决于手术方式、手术时间、孕周、体外转流时间、是否深低温等，应采取多学科合作，根据患者具体情况制定个体化方案。

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography (RT-3DE) Application in Evaluation of Left Ventricular Motion in Patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

ObjectiveTo evaluate myocardial segmental motion function in left ventricular of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by using the technology of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis between October and November 2014 in our hospital as a trial group. There were 4 males and 10 females with a mean age of 50.9±9.0 years ranging from 34 to 64 years. We chose 11 healthy individuals as a control group. There were 7 males and 4 females with a mean age of 49.5±9.7 years ranging from 32 to 67 years. Both the two groups were subjected to myocardial performance evaluation using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) to examine the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), longitudinal strain, circumferential strain, area strain, and lateral strain of each left ventricular myocardial segments. Result RT-3DE detected that the trial group had significantly lower values of LVEF, LVEDV and LVESV than those of the control group (P < 0.05). RT-3DE also revealed that the trial group had a significantly weaker longitudinal strain than the control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionRT-3DE is an accurate technology for assessing myocardial motion and function in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease.

Research advances in positron emission tomography-computed tomography for etiological diagnosis, epileptogenic focus localization, and prognostic prediction of epilepsy treatment

Epilepsy is a clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures caused by various etiologies. Etiological diagnosis and localization of the epileptogenic focus are of great importance in the treatment of epilepsy. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) technology plays a significant role in the etiological diagnosis and localization of the epileptogenic focus in epilepsy. It also guides the treatment of epilepsy, predicts the prognosis, and helps physicians intervene earlier and improve the quality of life of patients. With the continuous development of PET-CT technology, more hope and better treatment options will be provided for epilepsy patients. This article will review the guiding role of PET-CT technology in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, providing insights into its application in etiological diagnosis, preoperative assessment of the condition, selection of treatment plans, and prognosis of epilepsy.

心脏生物瓣膜置换术126例临床分析

目的　总结心脏生物瓣膜置换术的临床经验和手术效果。　方法　回顾性分析2008年6月至2010年11月福建省立医院126例患者行心脏生物瓣膜置换手术的临床资料，其中男66例，女60例；年龄27～85 （67.6±10.8）岁。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅱ～Ⅳ级。风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全101例，心瓣膜退行性变二尖瓣关闭不全20例，二尖瓣腱索断裂导致二尖瓣关闭不全5例；行二尖瓣置换术（MVR）75例，三尖瓣置换术2例，主动脉瓣置换术（AVR）30例，AVR＋MVR（双瓣膜置换术，DVR） 19例。　结果　行MVR升主动脉阻断时间（40.5±7.8） min，体外循环时间（85.3±10.1） min；行AVR升主动脉阻断时间（70.6±12.4） min ，体外循环时间（142.3±15.6） min；行DVR 升主动脉阻断时间（103.5±18.4） min ，体外循环时间（182.3±21.8） min。全组无手术死亡。住院时间（25.7±5.9） d，住重症监护室（ICU）时间（2.5±1.9） d。术后出院前复查心脏彩色超声心动图，未见瓣膜关闭不全。　结论　生物瓣膜具有较高的手术安全性，采用生物瓣的手术风险与机械瓣无异，具有较好的疗效。