PURPOSE:To observe the effect of laser/photocoagulation on prevention of recurrence of retinal datachment following removal of intraocular silicone oil. METHODS:Laser photocoagulation was performed in a series of 24 cases (24 eyes)which had been formerly operated on with vitreoretinal surgery and intraocular silicone oil tamponade for retinal datachment,2 weeks to 3 months before intraocular silicone oil removal. Argon green or krypton red laser photocoagulation were done in whole or half cycle scattered laser burns behind the sclera! ridge. RESULT:Among the 24 eyes ,after the intraocular silicone oil had been removed, 22 (91.7%)eyes had their retinas retained in normal position. CONCLUSION :Laser photocoagulation before removal of intraocular silicone oil might be helpful in avoiding the recurrence of retinal detachment. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 197-198）
ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of multidrug resistant organism in neonates admitted to the hospital through various ways, and analyze the risk factors in order to avoid cross infection of multidrug resistant organism in neonatology department. MethodsA total of 2 124 neonates were monitored from January 2012 to July 2013, among which 1 119 were admitted from outpatient department (outpatient group), 782 were transferred from other departments (other department group), and 223 were from other hospitals (other hospital group). We analyzed their hospital stays, weight, average length of stay, and drug-resistant strains, and their relationship with nosocomial infection. ResultsAmong the 105 drug-resistant strains, there were 57 from the outpatient group, 27 from the other department group, and 21 from the other hospital group. The positive rate in the patients transferred from other hospitals was the highest (9.42%). Neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less were the high-risk groups of drug-resistant strains in nosocomial infection. Drug-resistant strains of nosocomial infection detected in the patients admitted through different ways were basically identical. ConclusionWe should strengthen screening, isolation, prevention and control work in the outpatient neonate. At the same time, we can't ignore the prevention and control of the infection in neonates from other departments or hospitals, especially the prevention and control work in neonates with the hospital stay of more than 14 days and weighing 1 500 g or less to reduce the occurrence of multiple drug-resistant strains cross infection.
ObjectiveTo investigate the situation of hospital infection with bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), find the source of infection and analyze its transmission route, and take effective prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection. MethodsA hospital neonatal ward had six cases of ESBL-producing bacteria infections on February 16 to 26, 2012. According to the processing procedure for hospital infection outbreak, we carried out epidemiological investigation on the patient with suspected hospital infection, including checking the medical records, asking the doctor in charge about the patients'clinical symptoms, collecting sputum samples of the patients and environmental microbiology examination, etc. ResultsFour cases of infection were community-acquired, and two were nosocomial infection. Infection onsets were concentrated (between February 16 and February 26, 2012). Patients had similar clinical symptoms, including fever, cough, cough sputum, and lung wet rales, which showed a lower respiratory infection. Six strains of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from the infected children, and their susceptibility reports were not entirely consistent, indicating that they did not belong to the same species and were not homologous pathogens. Through bedside survey, we also isolated from the environmental samples 6 ESBL-producing bacteria, and these bacteria were acquired from the milk countertops, kettle, ventilator tube, two doctors'nasal cavity, and the cleaners'nasal cavity in corresponding wards of those infected children. ConclusionThe infection does not belong to an outbreak of nosocomial infection, and it is only an aggregation event of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The symptoms of infection were mainly because of lower immunity of children themselves, plus not so good aseptic technique and management in the department of neonatology. Therefore, strengthening hand hygiene management of medical staffs, and regular environmental sanitation and disinfection can reduce the incidence of neonatal hospital infection.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relevant factors for surgical site infection. MethodsA total of 677 cases of surgery in one hospital from July 1 to December 31 in 2012 were surveyed (not including implant and cardiac intervention surgeries), which were divided into different groups according to the preoperative incision contamination level, and the postoperative healing of incisions were observed closely. After the patients were discharged, we investigated the situation of incisions by phone or periodic review, and forms were filled in on schedule. ResultsBy follow-up evaluation of the 677 cases, the incisions in 12 cases were infected and the infection rate was 1.77%. Polluted and infected (14.28%, 30.76%) incisions caused more infection than the clean and clean-polluted incisions (0.00%, 0.59%). The patients who stayed in hospital for 4 or more than 4 days before surgeries (infection rate was 4.55%) took more risk of infection than the patients whose preoperative time in hospital were 2-3 days (infection rate was 0.60%) and 1 or shorter than 1 day (0.68%). Perioperative use of antibiotics for longer than 72 hours will increase the risk of incision infection than those within 48 hours (7.69%, 0.00%; P=0.002). ConclusionSurgical site infection is related to the incision type. Shortening the preoperative in-hospital time will reduce the risk of infection. Long time use of antibiotics in perioperative period cannot prevent the postoperative infection effectively, but may increase the risk of infection.
Surgical site infections are the common healthcare-associated infections. This article introduced the guidelines on the prevention and control of surgical site infection in using from background, making progress, and recommendations, to give directions for clinicians and infection prevention and control professionals choosing appropriately for decreasing surgical site infection risks.
The article summarized the national and international history and current situation of healthcare-associated infection control, and analyzed the tendency of new technique and progress in healthcare-associated infection control according to the experience in research and practice.