Objective To observe the effect of lowering intraocular pressure(IOP) treatment on ocular hemodynamics in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods A total of 68 patients with NAION (68 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into treatment group (38 eyes of 38 patients) and control group (30 eyes of 30 patients). All the patients were received methylprednisolone pulse therapy (200 mg, three days), vasodilator therapy with intravenous infusion of Xueshuantong solution (300 mg), optic nerve nutritional therapy with mouse nerve growth factor (30 mu;g) and acupoint injection in temporal with compound anisodine (2 ml). The total course was 10 days. The patients of treatment group received IOP lowering treatment to reduce the IOP to ge;8 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) or in a 30% reduction. The patients of control group received no IOP lowering treatment. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) before and after treatment were comparatively analyzed by color doppler flow imaging. Results The differences of PSV (t=1.023, 1.145, 0.569), PI (t=0.679, 0.956, 1.634) and RI (t=0.816, 1.657, 0.998) of OA, CRA and PCA before treatment in treatment group and control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Compared with before treatment, PSV (t=3.150, 7.650, 3.520) and PI (t=2.420, 5.430, 7.650) of OA, CRA and PCA increased obviously (P＜0.05), RI of OA, CRA and PCA decreased obviously (t=5.320, 9.640, 18.360;P＜0.05) after treatment in treatment group. In control group, the differences of PSV (t=2.090, -2.550, -2.100) and PI (t=-2.310, -2.230, -4.490) of OA, CRA and PCA between before and after treatment were not statistically significant (P＞0.05); but the differences of RI of OA, CRA and PCA between before and after treatment was statistically significant (t=2.970, 2.160, 2.690;P＜0.05). Compared with control group, PSV (t=2.632, 2.135, 5.364) and PI (t=3.251, 2.432, 4.243) of OA, CRA and PCA increased obviously (P＜0.05), RI of OA, CRA and PCA decreased obviously (t=3.664, 2.938, 4.324;P＜0.05) after treatment in treatment group. Conclusion Lowering intraocular pressure treatment can improve the ocular hemodynamics in NAION patients.
Objective To investigate the effect of proanthocyanidins (PC) on retina of rats with acute ocular hypertension. Methods The SpraqueDawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group and PC high or lowdosage group. The PC high or low dose group received 300mg/kg.d or 100mg/kg.d of PC in suspension solution for 5 days respectively. The normal group and the model group fed with distilled water for 5 days. Then acute ocular hypertension was induced in the model group and all PC groups, and after 48h of ocular hypertension the eyeballs were analyzed by electron microscope and UV spectrophotometer to measure the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitrogen monoxidum (NO), glutamic acid (Glu) and calcium ion(Ca2+). Results PC could raise the activity of SOD and reduced the levels of MDA,NO,Glu and Ca2+ in retina tissue. Electron microscope examination revealed that PC reduced retinal edema and ganglion cell apoptosis. PC also enhanced the SOD activity and suppressed the levels of MDA, NO, Glu and Ca2+. Conclusions PC can protect retina from acute ocular hypertension. The main mechanism might relate to anti-free radical oxidation, antagonizing calcium overloading, reducing toxicity of NO and Glu on the retina.
Objective:To observe the changes of the thickness of reti nal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of optic disc in rats with chronic glaucoma continuously dete cted by optic coherence tomography (OCT). Methods:A total of 48 Wist ar rats (24 males and 24 females) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 16 ra ts (32 eyes) in each group. The right eyes were the photocoagulation eyes and the left ones were as the control. Laser photocoagulation with the wavelength of 532 nm was perfo rmed on the trabecular network of the right eyes to induce the chronic middlelevel oc u lar hypertension. The changes of the intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed. O pticdisc linear scanning of OCT was performed 3, 6, and 9 weeks after IOP incr e ased, and the thickness of RNFL of optic disc was detected by the computer. Eight rats in each group were killed and retinal histology slic es were used to detect the thickness of RNFL. The flatmount s of retina from the right eyes of the other 8 rats in each group were stai ned by 1% toluidine blue. The density of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) was calcul ated and the results were compared and analyzed. Results:IOP o f the rats increas ed chronically and moderately after photocoagulation. IOP of the experimental ey e 3,6, and 9 weeks after photocoagulation was obviously higher than which of the control eyes, respectively （P＜0.001）. The results of OCT showed that the thickness of the RNFL of the experimental eyes was (67.39plusmn;5.91) mu;m, (53.4 2plusmn;5.64) mu;m，and (44.35plusmn;5.76) mu;m 3, 6, and 9 weeks after photocoagulation, and the corresponding thickness in the control eyes was（80.32plusmn;5.87）, （79.69plusmn;5.69）, and （80.78plusmn;5.84）mu;m, respectively. The thickness of the retinal fiber layer detecte d by histological method was （64.38plusmn;6.54）, （51.47plusmn;6.4）, and （42.10 plusmn;6.10）mu;m in the experimental eyes 3, 6, and 9 weeks after photocoagulation, and (76.23plusmn;6.78), (78.64plusmn;6.15), and (77.64plusmn;6.63) mu;m in the control eyes. Regression analysis of the thickness detected by the two methods was made, and the regression coefficients was 0.932（P＜0.001）.The differ ence of the ave rage density of RGC between the two groups was significant (P＜0.05）. Conclusi on:Glaucoma model in Wistar rats may successfully set up b y photocoagulating the trabecular meshwork. The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer of the optic disc in rats with chronic glaucoma detected by OCT and obser ved by the light m icroscope is accordant. The changes of the thickness of RNFL in rats with chroni c glaucoma could be continuously detected by OCT to investigate the progress of the glaucomatic retinopathy in rat model.
Objective To observe the effects of minocycline to the viability and apoptosis of ratprime;s retinal neuron cells (RNC) under pressure, and to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline against the RNC damage. Methods Establish a model of ratprime;s RNs under pressure cultured in vitro, the protective effect of minocycline is observed by different methods, including observing the morphology of the cells, evaluating the cellsprime; viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry assay, and detecting the cellular apoptosis with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining by fluorescence microscopy. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of iNOS and caspase-3 in the cells. Results Obvious morphology changes of RNC were found in cells under pressure compared with the control; the viability of RNC decreased and cellular apoptosis was found in 53.93% cells. The cellular morphology improved in the cells treated by 20 mu;mol/L minocycline, the cellular viability significantly increased, and the cellular apoptosis was found in 17.29% cells. In addition, the expression of iNOS and caspase3 in the treated cells decreased compared with which in the pressured group. Conclusion Minocycline with a certain concentration can effectively inhibit pressureinduced damage and apoptosis of RNC of rats, and the inhibitory effect on expression of iNOS and capases-3 may be the underlying mechanism.
Objective To analyze the protective effects of heat-shock response on the retinae of the rats after retinal ischemic reperfusion injury.Method Twenty Wistar rats (20 eyes) were divided into 4 groups: intracameral perfusion group (group P), intracameral perfusion after quercetin injection group (group P+Q), intracameral perfusion after heat shock group (group P+H), and in tracameral perfusion after quercetin injection and heat shock group (group P+Q+H ). According to the standard program established by International Society for Clinical Visual Electrophysiology, we recorded the results of the dark-adapted electroretinogram (D-ERG ),oscillatory potentials (OPs),and light-adapted ERG (L-ERG) of the rats with intraocular hypertension after induced by heat shock response. The expressions of HSP 70 of the rats in all groups were observed by Western blotting.Results The expression of HSP 70 of the rats in group P+H was the highest in all groups, but the expressions of HSP70 in group P+Q and P+Q+H were inhibited significantly. The amplitudes of a and b wave of ERG and O2 wave of OPs decreased, and the delitescence of them were delayed significantly in rats after intracameral perfusion. The amplitude of b wave of D-ERG and O2 wave of OPs in group P+H were higher than which in group P. Zero hour after perfusion, the amplitudes of all waves in group P+H increased significantly (Plt;0.05). Twenty-four hours after perfusion, the retinal functional resumption of the rats in group P+H was better than which in group P. In group P+Q and P+Q+H, the delitescences of all waves of ERG and O2 wave of OPs were the longest and the amplitudes were the lowest, and some waves even disappeared.Conclusions The heat-shock response may improve the recovery ability of the retinal cells after injury of ischemic reperfusion.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：117-120)
In this paper,the changes of activities of enzymes relating toenergy metabolism in rabbit's retina during acute ocular hypertension were observed.The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase were foud to be reduced,while the activities of the lactatic dehydrognease and glucose-6-phosphatase increased.The results reveal the disturbance of metabolism of energy in retina undergone acute ocular hypertension,and suggest that this might be the underlying factors relating to the defects of the functions and structures of the retina. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1993,9:141-144）
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of latanoprost versus travoprost for primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH). Methods All the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about treating primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension with latanoprost and travoprost were collected by searching MEDLINE, EMbase, OVID and CNKI. The assessment of methodological quality and data extraction of the included studies were performed independently by two reviewers, and the meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 1 433 patients were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that, a) At the second week, travoprost showed greater intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy compared with latanoprost (WMD= –1.47, 95%CI –2.62 to –0.33). At the first month (WMD= –0.50, 95%CI –1.52 to 0.52) and the sixth month (WMD= –0.12, 95%CI –0.85 to 0.61), the difference of IOP reduction between latanoprost and travoprost group was not significant; and b) The latanoprost-treated group showed fewer reported conjunctival congestion than the travoprost-treated group (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.63). The difference in adverse events of eye pain (OR=0.55, 95%CI 0.27 to 1.12) and iris or skin depigmentation (OR=1.25, 95%CI 0.53 to 2.92) between latanoprost and travoprost group was not significant. Conclusion Latanoprost and travoprost are comparable in lowering IOP for OAG and OH patients. Latanoprost shows greater ocular tolerability with lower incidence of side effects as conjunctival congestion. This conclusion is not powerful enough in proof due to the medium methodology quality of the included studies, so a large number of high-quality RCTs with large sample are needed for objectively, entirely and precisely evaluating the efficacy.