ObjectiveTo explore the distribution and features of the optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage.MethodsThe distribution of optic cup stem cells in optic cup tissue in 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats was observed by immunohistochemistry. The separated cells from optic cup were cultured with serum-free media, and immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the ability of hyperplasia of stem cells and expression of CHX10 antigen and specific antigens of mature retinal cells before and after differentiation.ResultsThe optic cup stem cells in embryonic rat at tailbud stage were mainly located at inner, outer, and marginal layer of optic cup. No expression of specifically marked protein of mature retinal cells was detected. The cells separated from optic cup had the ability of single-cell clone, positive expression of CHX10 and expression of several specific antigens of mature retinal cells after the inducement, including Thy1.1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein kinase C (PKC) α, and rhodopsin.ConclusionOptic cup of 12.5-embryonic-day-old rats composes of undifferentiated cells, and the stem cells are mainly located in optic cup inner and marginal. High ability of hyperplasia of the optic cup stem cells cultured in vitro is found. The cells, which are retinal stem cells, can express several specifically marked proteins of mature retinal cells after inducement and differentiation.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:159-162)
ObjectiveTo observe Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) microperimetry features, discuss its significance in diagnosis and treatment of LHON assessment. MethodsA retrospective clinical study. A total of 13 LHON patients (25 eyes) diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from May 2015 to May 2020 (disease group) were included in the study, including 9 males (18 eyes) and 4 females (7 eyes), and beginning with the age of 15.0 (10.0, 57.0). Ten healthy volunteers (19 eyes) were selected as the normal group, including 7 males (13 eyes) and 3 females (6 eyes), aged 22.0 (6.0, 46.0) years at the first diagnosis. According to the course is divided into: asymptomatic group (carriers), subacute (＜6 months), the dynamic group (6-12 months), chronic group (＞12 months). There were 7, 6, 5 and 7 eyes, respectively. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry. BCVA test was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was statistically converted to the logarithm of the minimum Angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. MP-3 microperimetry was used to perform microperimetry, and the mean sensitivity (MS) values of five regions were recorded: center, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group, MS in the center, superior, temporal, inferior and nasal of the diseased group decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (Z=－5.629, －4.906, －5.630, －5.631, －5.227; P＜0.05). There were significant differences in different regions of MS between different course groups (H=12.296, 11.583, 10.110, 12.994, 8.663; P＜0.05). There were significant differences in logMAR BCVA and central MS between asymptomatic group and subacute group (P=0.040, 0.007). There were significant differences in temporal, inferior and superior MS between subacute group and dynamic group (P=0.026, 0.017, 0.018). Dynamic and chronic group, MS above the difference was statistically significant (P=0.031). Idebenone treatment significantly improved visual field defects in 4 of 23 eyes. ConclusionsIn the early stage of LHON, the central visual field defect gradually progresses to the temporal, inferior and superior areas, and the temporal and inferior areas are more severe. Visual field defects reached a stable level at 6-12 months. MP-3 can assist in early diagnosis of LHON, and provide reliable basis for efficacy evaluation.
ObjectiveTo enhance the understanding of Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) with pulmonary vascular involvement through the analyses on clinical features.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical records of patients diagnosed as TA with pulmonary vascular involvement admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2007 to August 2017.ResultsIn recent 10 years, there were 233 patients diagnosed as TA in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, 17 of them were involved with pulmonary arterial, which accounted for 7.3%. Fourteen patients were females, 3 patients were males. The age ranged from 16 to 59 years with an average of (40±13) years. Among the 17 patients, dyspnea (15 cases, 88.2%) was the most common symptom, and unequal blood pressure of upper limbs (9 cases, 52.9%) was the main sign. Thirteen patients had pulmonary hypertension by echocardiographic examination. Angiographic data showed that multi-lobular and multi-segmental pulmonary branches were predominantly affected. Unilateral involvement of pulmonary artery was more common than bilateral involvement, while the right pulmonary arteries were more often affected than the left. Thirteen patients received hormone and immunosuppressive therapy, 11 patients received anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, and 5 patients received targeted treatment of pulmonary artery pressure.ConclusionsThe clinical manifestation of TA is unspecific and misdiagnosis rate is relatively high. Improving the understanding of TA is necessary so as to reduce the misdiagnosis rate at an early stage and ameliorate the prognosis.
Objective To improve the knowledge of pulmonary artery sarcoma ( PAS) and early diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with PAS confirmed by biopsy from April 2001 to April 2012 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 5 males and 3 females, with mean age of 46. 75 ±11. 47 years [ range: 32-67 years] . The main clinical manifestations were chest tightness, shortness of breath, intermittent syncope, heart palpitations at exertion, etc. Laboratory examinations showed the patients with PAS have no obvious hypoxemia and most of them have normal D-dimer level. Echocardiography revealed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular enlargement, and echo of massive lumps in main pulmonary truck. Lower limb veins were normal in color doppler ultrasonography. Chest X-ray revealed prominent pulmonary artery segment, full segment of the right pulmonary artery, an increased hilum and pleural effusion. CT pulmonary angiography showed expansion of pulmonary artery, large filling defect in main pulmonary truck and left or right pulmonary artery, combined with pericardial effusion, pleural effusion. Lung ventilation/perfusion imaging did not match, showing radioactive sparse and defects in multiple lung segments and subsegments, involved 3 to 13 lung segments. Pulmonary angiography showed filling defects in the main pulmonary artery, left or right pulmonary artery. 8 patients were confirmed pathologically after operation. Pathological results showed leiomyosarcoma differentiation in 3 cases, undifferentiated sarcoma in2 cases, and undefined pathological type in 3 cases. All 8 patients were misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism before surgery. The average days of misdiagnosis were 85. 6 ±21. 5 days. 7 cases were given simple surgical resection, one case underwent surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 7 cases were relieved and discharged, and one case died. Conclusion PAS is a rare disease clinically and is easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism. Clinicians should enhance the recognition in order to diagnose early and treat comprehensively.