One of the major clinical characteristics of congenital stationary night blindness(CSNB)is dysfunction of rod photoreceptors of the retina.Rhodopsin,the photosensitive pigment of the rods,is essential for maintaining the normal function of rod photoreceptors.It is resonable to hypothesize that mutations or deletions of rhodopsin gene may be involved in the molecular defect of CSNB.To test this hypothesis,we are searching for rhodopsin gene mutations in patients with autosomal dominant CSNB.In this study,DNA fragments containing the coding sequences in exon 5 of rhodopsin gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in 15 patients and 5 unaffected members from a large family with autosomal dominant CSNB.RFLP analysis of these DNA fragments demonstrated that in comparison with a control group of 12 normal persons,there is no obvious deletion in exon 5 of rhodopsin gene,and that mutations or deletions do not exist in codon 314,codon 347,and the third base of codon 313 as well as the first base of codon 348 of the rhodopsin gene in these CSNB patients,which suggest the molecular pathogenesis of autosomal dominant CSNB not involve mutations or deletions of these codons of the rhodopsin gene. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1993,9:66-69）
Eighteen SD rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were observed for the influence of magnesium in glycolytic pathway in their retinal tissue.The diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups:6 of them drank 0.5% Mgso4 solution every day,6 received intramuscular Mgso4 (0.05/kg)in half month interval,and the another 6 drank tape water every day.Six normal rats were employed as employed as nondiabetic control.The activity of the three crucial rate-limiting enzymes ralating to glycolytic pathway-hexokinase,phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in retinal tissue of the rats was investigated after a period of 30days.The results revealed that the levels of the enzymes were significantly depressed in diabetic rats not taking magnesium,while the enzyme levels maintained nearly the same in diabetic rats taking magnesium,while the enzyme levels maintained nearly the same in diabetic rats taking magnesium as in the control group.This suggested that the glycolytic pathway in retinal tissue was disturbed in early stage of diabtes,and magnesium might play an important role in maintaining the normal metabolism of glucose. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1993,9:81-83）
Tweenty-one SD rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were investigated for the influence of magnesium in cAMP level in the retina of the diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1, drinking tap hehwater; group 2, drinking 0.5% MgSO4 solution and group 3, receiving intramuscular MgSO4(0.1g/kg) once a month. In addition, group 4, a controlgroup of normal nondiabetic rats fed with tap water. In aperiod of 5 months examination, the growth and health conditions of diabetic rats were found to be nearly normal in group 2, 3 and 4, manifested by gaining weight and soft, smooth hairs on the skin, in contrast with loss in weight, rough hairs and even dying of infection in 2 of the diabetic rats in group 1. furthermore, the level of cAMP content in retina was found significantly higher in the diabetic rats taking Mg++ in spite of the route of administration(group 2, 3), as well as in the control group(group 4) than that of the diabetic rats which were fed with tap water. These results demonstrated that Mg++ might play an important role in improving the metabolism of diabetic rats including the retinal tissue by influencing the level of cAMP content, which is necessary in nuclear acid metabolism, protein synthesis, proliferation and differentiation, and other intracellular metabolic processes. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1992,8:141-143）
目的:探讨高龄白内障患者术前角膜内皮功能状态。方法:对从2007年11月到2008年10月的66例年龄在80岁或以上的左眼白内障患者术前角膜内皮细胞形态及中央角膜厚度进行回顾性分析。分析参数包括角膜内皮细胞密度,内皮细胞平均面积,最大细胞面积和最小细胞面积,内皮细胞变异系数,面积标准差,六角形细胞比例及角膜中央厚度。结果:患者的角膜内皮细胞平均密度为(2720.3±324.6)个/mm2,平均细胞面积为(375.4±70.3)μm2,最大细胞面积(922.1±243.5)μm2,最小细胞面积(131.2±40.2)μm2,面积标准差(143.5±34.8)μm2,细胞变异系数(38.0±7.3)%,六角形细胞比例(52.8±10.1)%。中央角膜厚度与角膜内皮细胞密度之间无相关性。结论:高龄人白内障患者的角膜内皮细胞密度高,角膜功能基本正常，是保持角膜透明的基础,为眼内手术或治疗提供安全保障。
The dysfunction of subthalamic nucleus is the main cause of Parkinson’s disease. Local field potentials in human subthalamic nucleus contain rich physiological information. The present study aimed to quantify the oscillatory and dynamic characteristics of local field potentials of subthalamic nucleus, and their modulation by the medication therapy for Parkinson’s disease. The subthalamic nucleus local field potentials were recorded from patients with Parkinson’s disease at the states of on and off medication. The oscillatory features were characterised with the power spectral analysis. Furthermore, the dynamic features were characterised with time-frequency analysis and the coefficient of variation measure of the time-variant power at each frequency. There was a dominant peak at low beta band with medication off. The medication significantly suppressed the low beta component and increased the theta component. The amplitude fluctuation of neural oscillations was measured by the coefficient of variation. The coefficient of variation in 4-7 Hz and 60-66 Hz was increased by medication. These effects proved that medication had significant modulation to subthalamic nucleus neural oscillatory synchronization and dynamic features. The subthalamic nucleus neural activities tend towards stable state under medication. The findings would provide quantitative biomarkers for studying the mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease and clinical treatments of medication or deep brain stimulation.
目的 通过比较白内障患者与正常人用两种方法测量的前房深度和眼轴长度值，观察IOL Master和接触式A型超声测量是否存在差别及其关联程度。 方法 选取2010年12月－2011年2月期间行白内障摘除加人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者及除屈光不正外没有其他眼部病变的志愿者共89例。分别用IOL Maste和A型超声测量54例（96只眼）白内障患者和35例（70只眼）正常者的前房深度（ACD）和眼轴长度（AL），应用配对t检验对每组两种方法测得的ACD及AL值进行比较，并应用Pearson相关分析比较两种方法的相关性。应用独立样本t检验比较白内障组和正常者组间两种方法测得的差值是否不同。 结果 白内障组A型超声和IOL Master测得的ACD值分别是（2.83 ± 0.34）、（3.05 ± 0.39） mm，AL值分别是（23.93 ± 2.46）、（24.27 ± 2.57） mm，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；正常者组A型超声和IOL Master测得的ACD值分别是（3.16 ± 0.36）、（3.43 ± 0.46） mm，AL值分别是（24.16 ± 1.61）、（24.49 ± 1.62） mm，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两种测量方法的相关系数分别是rACD=0.823（P＜0.05）和rAL= 0.995（P＜0.05）。白内障组和正常者组两种方法测得的ACD差值分别是（0.23 ± 0.23）、（0.28 ± 0.30） mm；AL差值分别是（0.34 ± 0.27）、（0.33 ± 0.15） mm；两组间ACD和AL差值的比较，差异均无统计学意义（P=0.243，0.742）。 结论 不论是白内障组还是正常者组，用IOL Master测得的ACD及AL值均比A型超声测得的相应值高，但是两种方法测得的值高度相关。白内障组和正常者组用两种方法测得的差值相比无差别；在可测到ACD及AL值的情况下，两种测量方法的差值均不受晶状体密度的影响。
ObjectiveTo use ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) to observe the zonules in patients before cataract surgery and study the relation between the length of zonules and axial length (AL), so as to understand the underlying anatomical and pathological basis of factors influencing the stability of lens capsule in high axial myopic patients and provide objective theoretical references for surgical risk reduction and postoperative follow-up guidance. MethodsFifty-five patients (55 eyes) proposed to receive phacoemulsification between October 2014 and October 2015 were divided into group A (AL < 26 mm, n=21), group B (26 mm≤AL < 29 mm, n=14), and group C (AL≥29 mm, n=20) according to their AL.UBM examination was conducted preoperatively.Through measuring the length of zonules in supine position at 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock respectively, we compared the difference of the length of zonules among those three groups, and explored the correlation between the length of zonules and axial length. ResultsThe average length of zonules in group A was (0.67±0.13) mm, while that in group B and group C was (0.93±0.29) and (0.98±0.19) mm, respectively.The length of zonules in group A was shorter than that in group B and Group C, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001);and that in group B was shorter than that in group C, but the difference was of no statistical significance (P=0.331).In the correlation analysis between axial length and the average length of zonules, the length of zonules was positively correlated with the axial length (r=0.502). ConclusionsUBM provides a quantitative method for observing zonules.In the assessment before cataract surgery, it is a more accurate method for evaluation of zonules, and probably has a certain value in pre-assessment of intra ocular lens dislocation after cataract surgery.
Prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) are pathological conditions of alterations in consciousness caused by various severe brain injuries, profoundly affecting patients’ life ability and leading to a huge burden for both the family and society. Exploring the mechanisms underlying pDOC and accurately assessing the level of consciousness in the patients with pDOC provide the basis of developing therapeutic strategies. Research of non-invasive functional neuroimaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and scalp electroencephalography (EEG), have demonstrated that the generation, maintenance and disorders of consciousness involve functions of multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions, and their networks. Invasive intracranial neuroelectrophysiological technique can directly record the electrical activity of subcortical or cortical neurons with high signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, which has unique advantages and important significance for further revealing the brain function and disease mechanism of pDOC. Here we reviewed the current progress of pDOC research based on two intracranial electrophysiological signals, spikes reflecting single-unit activity and field potential reflecting multi-unit activities, and then discussed the current challenges and gave an outlook on future development, hoping to promote the study of pathophysiological mechanisms related to pDOC and provide guides for the future clinical diagnosis and therapy of pDOC.