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一例巨大外阴纤维瘤患者的护理

Effect of gum chewing on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing gynecological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect and influence of gum chewing on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in gynecological patients after operation. MethodsEBSCO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials of gum chewing on gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after gynecological surgery from inception to September 30th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk bias of included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was then used to perform the meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 9 studies were included, involving 962 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the time of first flatus (MD=–8.34, 95%CI –10.72 to –5.95, P<0.000 01), the time of first defecation (MD=–14.97, 95%CI –29.28 to –0.66, P<0.04), and the recovery time of bowel sounds (MD=–5.83, 95%CI –10.15 to –1.51, P=0.008) of gum chewing group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and the incidence of abdominal distension was decreased after gynecological surgery (RR=0.24, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.74, P=0.01). According to the results of subgroup analysis, the time of first flatus of the gum chewing group was significantly shorter than that of the control group in laparoscopy (MD=–5.43, 95%CI –7.12 to –3.73, P<0.000 01), laparotomy (MD=–10.46, 95%CI –13.56 to –7.97, P<0.000 01) and abdominal surgery (MD=–10.64, 95%CI –13.01 to –8.26, P<0.000 01); the first defecation time after laparotomy (MD=–29.18, 95%CI –46.03 to –12.33, P=0.000 7), and abdominal surgery (MD=–14.24, 95%CI –24.27 to –4.21, P=0.005) in chewing gum group was significantly shorter than that in the control group; however, there was no significant difference in the laparoscopy group (MD=–2.97, 95%CI –12.94 to 7.00, P=0.56). ConclusionsThe systematic review and meta-analysis shows that gum chewing after gynecological surgery can shorten the time of first flatus, first defecation, and first bowel movement, and reduce the incidence of abdominal distension. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.

妇科化学治疗患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管并发症原因分析

目的 探讨妇科行化学治疗（化疗）患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（peripherally inserted central catheter，PICC）并发症的影响因素。 方法 收集 2015 年 6 月—2016 年 6 月接受化疗并需要置入 PICC 的妇科肿瘤患者。观察患者并发症、拔管原因、导管头端位置、穿刺次数、置管部位、置管时间及拔管时间。 结果 920 例患者成功接受 PICC 置管，其中随访中死亡 25 例，失访 83 例。104 例患者因并发症而提前拔管，其 PICC 留置时间中位数为 62 d，并发症以静脉炎[41.35%（43/104）]和血栓形成[25.96%（27/104）] 最常见。左上肢置管[12.68%（53/418）]与右上肢置管[12.94%（51/394）]的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.013，P>0.05），肘前窝静脉置管[12.95%（72/556）] 与上臂静脉置管[12.50%（32/256）] 的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.032，P>0.05）。导管头端位于非上腔静脉者[28.57%（8/28）] 较位于上腔静脉者[12.24%（96/784）] 并发症发生率更高，多次（≥2次）穿刺者[30.19%（16/53）] 较 1 次穿刺成功者[11.59%（88/759）] 并发症发生率更高，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=5.074、15.338，P<0.05）。 结论 妇科化疗患者 PICC 置管后并发症较常见。但 PICC 仍是一种较安全、经济、能家庭护理的静脉通路。