With the development of mobile technology and smartphones, the mobile health intervention project emerges, attracting grant fundings and creating new chances in healthcare. However, there is still few evidence to confirm the effectiveness of the mobile-health intervention, a possible cause being the lack of quality of research reporting, which needs to be improved for better identification, duplication and promotion of research projects. This paper interprets and analyses of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile Health Application and onLine TeleHealth (CONSORT-EHEALTH), in an effort to provide a reference for conducting mobile health related controlled trials research.
摘要:目的：探讨成都地区体检人群中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）升高率与其升高的相关因素,为正确分析引起ALT升高的原因提供相关依据。方法:以参与体检的8734名体检人群为研究对象,收集身高、体重、血压、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清HBsAg、脂肪肝及胆石症等相关资料进行分析。结果:在全部体检人群中,ALT升高率为1011%,男性ALT升高率为13.70%,女性ALT升高率为6.30%,男性明显高于女性（Plt;0001）；ALT升高组的年龄均数小于ALT正常组（Plt;0001）；在ALT升高的受检者中,脂肪肝、高脂血症、肥胖、糖尿病、胆囊结石、饮酒及乙肝等患病率均高于ALT正常组受检者（Plt;005）。结论:脂肪肝、糖脂代谢紊乱及乙肝是体检人员ALT升高的主要原因；男性和低龄也是体检者ALT升高的危险因素。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the prevalence and relative factors of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels and providescientific bases for its causes analysis in physical examination people in Chengdu. Methods: Subjects who received medical examination in physical examination center of west China hospital were screened in this study. The information of height, body weight, blood pressure, serum ALT, fasting plasma glucose, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) statue, fatty liver and cholelithiasis were collected and analyzed. 〖WT5”HZ〗Results:〖WT5”BZ〗 A total of 8734 cases were included in this study. The total prevalence of elevated ALT was observed in 1011%, including 137% in man and 63% in woman, and this difference between man and woman was statistic significant (P＜0001). The mean age of ALT elevated group was obvious lower than that of normal ALT group (P＜0001). Interesting, the occurrence rates of fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes,gallstones, drinking and positive hepatitis B surface antigen in ALT elevated group were all significant higher than that in normal ALT group (P＜005). Conclusion: Fatty liver, glyeolipid metabolism disorder, and hepatitis B were main reasons of elevated ALT. Male and young cases were both high risk of elevated ALT in this study.
Objective To investigate the clinical features of non-gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT) lymphoma.Methods Forty-eight pathologically proved cases of nongastrointestinal MALT lymphoma, admitted into Peking Union Medical College Hospital fromJanuary 2000 to July 2011, were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 32 females and 16 males. The median age at diagnosis was 55. 4 years old ( range, 21-76 years) . The most commonly affected sites were lung, salivary glands, thyroid and ocular adnexa. In5 cases, the lymphoma presented at multiple mucosal sites. 27 patients were asymptomatic while 13 had non-specific symptoms. Blood test showed mild or moderate anemia in 8 cases, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 19 cases, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase in 6 patients.Imaging examinations revealed enlarged lymph nodes in 20 patients. 6 patients had a history of Sjoren’s syndrome, in whom3 cases were salivary gland diseases. In the patients with lung involvement, pathological diagnosis was obtained by bronchial biopsies in 3 cases, by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies in 11 cases, and by surgical biopsies in 9 cases. While in the patients without lung involvement, pathological diagnosis was obtained all by surgical biopsies. Of the 23 patients with lung involvement, 1 remain untreated,while 22 received various combinations of treatment ( surgery alone in 3 patients, surgery plus chemotherapy in 6 patients, and chemotherapy alone in 13 patients) . Of the 25 patients without lung involvement, 11 patients received surgery alone, 10 patients received surgery plus chemotherapy, 3 patients received chemotherapy alone, and 1 patient received surgery plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 46 patients remained alive during the median follow-up of 46. 7 months ( range, 4-133 months) . While 1 patient with lung involvement died from unknown causes, another 1 patient with lung involvement died from lung infection. Conclusions Non-gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma tends to occur in old-aged females, and commonly occurs in lung, salivary gland and thyroid sites. Most patients are asymptomatic or have only nonspecific symptoms. CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies and surgical biopsies are helpful to the diagnosis.Prognosis for this lymphoma tends to be indolent.
Background: Multiple studies have reported evidence of an inverse association between parity and bladder cancer risk. However, a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of this association has never been conducted. We conducted this study to clarify this issue. Methods: Systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify all the studies. Studies were selected based on strict screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Summary relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by using a fixed-effect model, and the generalized least squares trend estimation was employed to compute study-specific RR and 95% CI per live birth increase. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. Results: Twelve studies (6,214 cases and 2,693,350 non-cases) were eligible in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR of bladder cancer for parous versus nulliparous women was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82). Results were similar in the studies that adjusted for BMI(RR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53-0.81), cigarette smoking (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79), and age (RR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71-0.84). The dose-response meta-analysis showed a lower bladder cancer risk (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) for each live birth increase in parous women. No evidence of publication bias or significant heterogeneity was detected in the above-mentioned analyses. Conclusions: The finding from current meta-analysis suggest that parity may be related to decreased risk of bladder cancer.
Objective: : The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of eight antifungal drugs on S. mutans growth, biofilm formation and virulence factors. Methods: The actions of antifungal drugs on S. mutans were determined by recovery plates and survival kinetic curves. Biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the viable cells were recovered on BHI plates, meanwhile biofilms were stained by BacLight live/dead kit to investigate the biofilm viability. Bacteria/extracellular polysaccharides staining assays were performed to determine the EPS production of S. mutans biofilms. Acidogenicity and acidurity of S. mutans were determined using pH drop and acid tolerance assays, and the expression of ldh gene was evaluated using qPCR. Results: We found that clotrimazole (CTR) and econazole (ECO) showed antibacterial activities on S. mutans UA159 and S. mutans clinical isolates at 12.5 and 25 mg/L, respectively. CTR and ECO could also inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation and reduce the viability of preformed biofilm. CTR and ECO affected the live/dead ratio and the EPS/bacteria ratio of S. mutans biofilms. CTR and ECO also inhibited the pH drop, lactate acid production, and acid tolerance. The abilities of CTR and ECO to inhibit S. mutans ldh expression were also confirmed. Conclusions: We found that two antifungal azoles, CTR and ECO, had the abilities to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans and more importantly, they could also inhibit the virulence factors of S. mutans. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence, etiology, assessment, treatment of pain in patients with cancer as well as their quality of life (QOL). MethodsPatients at the West China Hospital Cancer Center were invited to complete a questionnaire under the guidance of pain specialists. The questionnaire included general information, cancer pain status, its assessment, use of analgesics, and the effects of pain on QOL. ResultsIn total, 1,050 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, valid data were collected from 919 patients, among whom 454 (49.4%) suffered from pain, including 333 (36.2%) patients who had neuropathic pain symptoms. On average, the visual analog scale (VAS) score of patients with cancer pain was 3.30 1.68. Significant differences in the VAS score and pain frequency between patients with nociceptive and neuropathic pain were observed (both P < 0.05). Dull pain ranked first (64, 52.9%) among the patients with nociceptive pain, whereas pins and needles pain (97, 64.7%) was the most common type of pain in patients with neuropathic pain. There was a significant difference in QOL between the nociceptive and neuropathic pain groups (P < 0.05). Only 183 of 454 patients with cancer pain used analgesics. Compared with the patients with pain not using any analgesics, those receiving analgesics had a significantly lower average pain relief rate (P = 0.027). Adjuvant analgesics were inadequately used (9.3%) in patients with neuropathic cancer pain. ConclusionThis study revealed the prevalence of neuropathic cancer pain in Chinese patients with cancer. Malignant neuropathic pain significantly impaired the patients' QOL. Insufficient assessment and inadequate analgesia still exist. These require more awareness and attention from both doctors and patients.
Background: Identifying the etiology of ischemic stroke is essential to acute management and secondary prevention. The value of liver function indicators in differentiating stroke subtypes remains to be evaluated. Methods: A total of 1333 acute ischemic stroke patients were included. Liver function indicators collected within 24 hours from stroke onset, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin (BILI), were collapsed into quartiles (Q) and also dichotomized by Q1. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent association between liver function indicators and cardioembolic stroke (SCE). Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted, and sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive prospective value (PPV), and negative prospective value (NPV) were determined to evaluate the predictive value of liver function indicators for SCE. Results: AST, GGT, and BILI were associated with SCE. After adjustment, only AST was related to SCE independently. The incidence of SCE in the Q1 of AST, GGT, and BILI, particularly in the Q1 of AST, was quite low. The ability of AST, GGT, and BILI to identify SCE was poor, with low AUC, Sen, and PPV. The value of AST, GGT, and BILI in eliminating SCE from stroke subtypes was good, with high Spe and moderate NPV, and was enhanced after combining each liver function indicator. Conclusions: Results of present study demonstrated that AST, GGT, and BILI, particularly AST, had a potential to eliminate SCE from stroke subtypes, and the ability of eliminating SCE would be strengthened after combining each liver function indicator together.