ObjectiveTo summarize the application of adjacent tissue flap for reconstruction of partial breast defect in breast conserving surgery. MethodsThe relevant literatures in recent 5 years were reviewed, and the oncoplastic techniques, classification of the adjacent tissue flaps, were summarized. Furthermore, the indications, advantages and disadvantages of the adjacent tissue flaps were evaluated. ResultsCurrently, there were various ways to reconstruct the breast defect following breast conserving surgery. For the patient, whose breast defect volume was bigger, the application of the adjacent tissue flap was one of the effective methods to obtain better aesthetic outcomes. The adjacent tissue flaps included the following:the lateral thoracodorsal fasciocutaneous flap, thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, inframammary adipofascial flap of the anterior rectus sheath, inter-costal artery perforator flap, internal mammary artery pedicled fasciocutaneous island flap, and so on. ConclusionThe adjacent tissue flap replacement technique in breast conserving surgery for reconstruction of the breast defect is a safe and effective procedure, and patients are satisfied with breast shape and overall cosmetic outcomes for it.
ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of expression and correlation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and yes association protein (YAP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and then explore the relationship between the 2 kinds of protein. MethodsA total of 120 patients' HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected retrospectively, who treated in our hospital from Apr. 2010 to Oct. 2013, the expressions of PKM2 and YAP protein in these HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by SP immunohistochemical method, and then analyzed the relationship between the expressions of PKM2 and YAP ptotein with the clinicopathological features of HCC. Of the 120 patients, the expressions of YAP and PKM2 protein and its mRNA in 50 cases of HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were also examined by Western blot and real-time PCR methods respectively. Results① The immunohistochemical results showed that, the positive rate of PKM2 protein and YAP protein in HCC tissues were 67.50% (81/120) and 71.67% (86/120) respectively, which were both higher than those of adjacent tissues[PKM2 protein:20.83% (25/120); YAP protein:29.17% (35/120)], P < 0.050. ② The expression of PKM2 protein was significantly positively correlated with the expression of YAP protein in HCC tissues (r=0.519, P < 0.001). ③ In HCC tissues, the expression of PKM2 protein was significantly correlated with the diameter of tumor, TNM staging, differentiation of HCC, and lever of alpha fetal protein (P < 0.050), and the expression of YAP protein was significantly correlated with the differentiation of HCC and lever of alpha fetal protein (P < 0.050). ④ Western blot results showed that, the expression levels of PKM2 protein and YAP protein in HCC tissues were 1.25± 0.11 and 1.08±0.10 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of adjacent tissues (PKM2 protein:0.38±0.01, YAP protein:0.41±0.02), P < 0.050. ⑤ Real-time PCR assays results showed that, basing the expressions of PKM2 mRNA and YAP mRNA in adjacent tissues (both as 1), expressions of PKM2 mRNA and YAP mRNA in HCC tissues were 11.38±0.35 and 19.96±0.48 respectively, which were both higher than those of adjacent tissues (P < 0.050). ConclusionPKM2 and YAP protein were related to the initiation of HCC, and they were also closely correlated with the differentiation and prognosis of HCC.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of Aurka mRNA and its protein in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues, and to analyzed the relationship between the expression level of Aurka mRAN and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients. MethodsRetrospectively collected the gastric cancer and adjacent tissues of 198 gastric cancer patients who treated in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between April 2011 and September 2013. Using real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and immunohisto-chemical staining to detected expressions of Aurka mRNA and its protein of gastric cancer and adjacent tissues respectively. At the same time explored the relationship between expression level of Aurka mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and the clinico-pathological features of gastric cancer patients. ResultsRT-PCR results showed that, the expression level of Aurka mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was 16.62±1.85, which was significantly higher than that of adjacent tissues (7.10±1.59), P < 0.05. Immunohistochemistry results showed that, the positive rate of Aurka protein in gastric cancer tissues was obviously higher than of adjacent tissues[93.9% (186/198) vs. 16.2% (32/198), P < 0.01]. The expression level of Aurka mRNA in gastric cancer tissues was significantly related with a part of the clinicopathological parameters, including TNM staging, T staging, N staging, and differentiation (P < 0.05), but there was no relationship with gender, age, location, and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA)/CA19-9 level in peripheral blood (P > 0.05). The expression level of Aurka mRNA in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-positive gastric cancer patients was higher than that of HP-negative gastric cancer patients (15.38±1.73 vs. 7.20±1.86, t=-3.74, P < 0.01). ConclusionExpression levels of Aurka gene and its protein were both significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those of adjacent tissues, which suggests that Aurka might play a significant role in the procession of the formation and development of gastric cancer as an oncogene, it also suggests that Aurka can be used as a predictor of prognosis and recurrence of patients with gastric cancer.