Abstract： Among all kinds of heart diseases, heart failure is the leading cause of death. In recent years, the treatment of terminal heart failure has increasingly become a great challenge to cardiovascular clinical physicians. The limitations of routine medical therapy and surgical interventions, and the shortage of donor hearts have led to the rapid development of mechanical circulation support devices. As the joint research and development of electric machine, mechanical engineering, fluid mechanics, materials science, medical science and some other related subjects, exploring a new type of longterm implantable blood pump has become a hot issue. Axial flow blood pump has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, high flow and efficiency, easy implantation and removal, and at the same time, it does not need to install artificial valves, which can greatly reduce the risk of thrombosis. Compared with the centrifugal pump, axial flow blood pump is smaller and causes much less damage to the blood. At present, axial flow blood pump research has become a focus in cardiac surgery and biomedical engineering field. This article is going to review the operation principles and characteristics of axial flow blood pump, and some key technical issues of current axial flow blood pump research.
Interventional micro-axial flow blood pump is widely used as an effective treatment for patients with cardiogenic shock. Hemolysis and coagulation are vital concerns in the clinical application of interventional micro-axial flow pumps. This paper reviewed hemolysis and coagulation models for micro-axial flow blood pumps. Firstly, the structural characteristics of commercial interventional micro-axial flow blood pumps and issues related to clinical applications were introduced. Then the basic mechanisms of hemolysis and coagulation were used to study the factors affecting erythrocyte damage and platelet activation in interventional micro-axial flow blood pumps, focusing on the current models of hemolysis and coagulation on different scales (macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic). Since models at different scales have different perspectives on the study of hemolysis and coagulation, a comprehensive analysis combined with multi-scale models is required to fully consider the influence of complex factors of interventional pumps on hemolysis and coagulation.