ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and diabetes in floating population in Hubei province, so as to provide reference for the prevention of chronic disease of floating population. MethodA multi-stages sampling was performed among six counties in Hubei province in 2012, according to the different occupations. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the demography, sociology and health-related behavioral characteristics of subjects. Then a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis were conducted by SPSS 20.0 software. ResultsA total of 1 800 individuals were surveyed, and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in floating population was 22.7% and 4.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that significant associations were found between hypertension and such factors as age, occupations, smoking and life satisfaction (all P values < 0.05); and significant associations were found between diabetes and such factors as occupations, educational level and BMI (all P values < 0.05). The results of further logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=2.194, 95% CI 1.940 to 2.483, P=0.001) and life satisfaction (OR=0.291, 95% CI 0.248 to 0.341, P=0.002) were independent risk factors of hypertension, and educational level (OR=3.219, 95%CI 2.016 to 7.565, P=0.011) and gender (OR=0.568, 95% CI 0.323 to 0.999, P=0.049) were independent risk factors of diabetes. ConclusionsThe prevalence of hypertension and diabetes are relative high in floating population of Hubei Province. Increasing age and low life satisfaction are independent risk factors of hypertension in floating population, while male and low educational level are independent risks factors of diabetes.