Objective To evaluate the cytocompatibility of collagenmembraneswith transitional cells of rabbit in vitro and to discuss the possibility of the collagen membranes as urologic tissue engineering scaffolds. Methods Primary cultured transitional cells isolated from New Zealand rabbits were implantedon collagen membranes at 1×105 cells/cm2. The changes of cell adhering were observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope 2, 12 and 24hours later. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: non-cell group (black control) culture medium group(negative control), extract medium from Polyvinyl chloride group(positive control) and extract medium from collagen membranes group(experimental group). The cells of generations 2 to 4 were implanted in 96-hole-plank at 1×104 cells every hole. And every group had 5 holes. Then absorption coefficient were detected at the wave length of 490 nm by MTT assay. Then the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility were evaluated by comparison of the numbers of absorptioncoefficient.Results The bladder transitional cells began to adhere to the collagen membrane 2 hours after implanting, and the number of the adhered cells increased with time.The actual absorption coefficient of experimental groups was 0.590±0.024,1.065±0.040 and 1.129±0.074 after 24, 72 and 120 hours. The actual absorption coefficient of negative control group was 0.639±0.068,1.022±0.044 and 1.087±0.111. The actual absorption coefficient of positive control group was 0.302±0.029,0.653±0.083 and 0.694±0.031. There was significantdifference between the experimental group and positive control (Plt;0.01), and no significant difference between the experimental group and negative control(Pgt;0.05).Conclusion Collagen membrane has good cytocompatibility withtransitional cells and no cytotoxity. It can be used as scaffolds of urologic tissue engineering.