ObjectiveTo study the apoptotic induction effect of Thapsigargin on estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell lines MCF7. MethodsCells were treated with Thapsigargin and 5FU in vitro. The rate of cell apoptosis and distribution of cell cycle were detected on flow cytometry. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay and ultrastructural changes in apoptotic cells were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThapsigargin could increase the rates both of cell apoptosis and growth supression of MCF7 cells induced by 5FU and alter the distribution of cell cycle. Under electron microscope, apoptotic bodies in MCF7 cells considerably increased.ConclusionThapsigargin apparently enhances the effect of apoptotic induction of 5FU on MCF7 cells, it is worthy of being further studied.
Objective To investigate the activation and significance of nuclear transcription factorκB (NFκB) in primary breast carcinoma. MethodsImmunohistochemical staining method was used to detect expression of NFκB in 28 cases of primary breast carcinoma and 21 cases of breast tissues closely adjacent to carcinoma tissues. ResultsIt showed that there was expression of NFκB in 28 cases of breast carcinoma tissues and 21 cases of breast tissues closely adjacent to carcinoma. In 21 cases of breast tissues closely adjacent to carcinoma, NFκB was localized mainly in cytoplasm of epithelium cells of ducts and lobular acini. In 28 cases of breast carcinoma NFκB was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and /or nuclei of breast carcinoma cells. Conclusion NFκB is expressed in breast tissues closely adjacent to carcinoma and primary breast carcinoma tissues, and the expression style in the two situation was different. In the breast tissues closely adjacent to carcinoma, NFκB is localized in cytoplasm of epithelium cells of breast acini and duct in an inactive state. In breast carcinoma tissues, NFκB is localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei of carcinoma cells. This study suggests that NFκB is activated in breast carcinoma and plays a significant role in its tumorigenesis and development.
ObjectiveTo find the role of oncogene cmet and suppressor gene p53 in the process of tumor angiogenesis and their clinical significance. MethodsBy immunohistochemical method and computer image analysis technique, microvessel count and cmet, p53 protein expression were quantitatively determined in 80 cases of breast carcinoma and 20 cases of breast fibroadenoma. ResultsThe high microvessel count and the positive expression of cmet, p53 were significantly correlated with histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and the stage of the tumor (P＜0.01). The high microvessel count was significantly correlated with the positive expression of cmet and p53 (P＜0.01).ConclusionBoth oncogene cmet and suppressor gene p53 modulate tumor angiogenesis of breast carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo study the detection methods of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and their clinical significance. MethodsFifty women with breast carcinoma were included. SLN in fifty breast carcinoma was identified by using methylene blue staining to detect and remove them for routine hematoxylin and eosin stain and histological exam. All negative SLNs were examined by serial section (SS) with the section interval of 250 μm and HE stain for microscopic examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) exam was performed with CK19 monoclonal antibody. Then the above three detection methods were analyzed. All patients had axillary lymph node dissection (ALND)，and all none sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) were examined by Hamp;E staining.ResultsThe SLNs were identified in 45 of 50 patients with a detection rate of 90%. Sixteen SLNs were found positive with routine histological exam, the positive detecting rate was 35.56%, while the other 29 negative SLNs were found 7 and 6 cases of micrometastasis using SS and IHC methods，therefore the positive detecting rate was increased by 15.55% and 13.33%, respectively.Conclusion SS and IHC methods could detect the micrometastasis in negative SLN with routinely histological exam, increasing the positive detecting rate and decreasing the false negative rate.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the significance of cyclin D1 and p53 protein expression in synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in rats. Methods Immunohistochemical SP methods was used to study the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma induced by DMBA in rats.Results There was no expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in normal breast tissue. In atypical hyperplasia of mammary, there was overexpression of cyclin D1(7/14) and no expression of p53. The overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 were detected in breast carcinoma (8/18,7/18 respectively) and fibrosarcoma (9/14,5/14 respectively). There was no expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in adjacent sarcoma.The expression of cyclin D1 and p53 protein was associated with histological grading, and showed inverse relation between them. Conclusion There are cyclin D1 and p53 protein overexpression in the synchronous breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma induced by DMBA in rats. Cyclin D1 may paticipate in the course of the carcinogenesis of breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in rats, and p53 protein overexpression may relate to the degree of malignancy of the tumors.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the association between p53, c-erb B-2 oncogene protein and angiogenesis in breast carcinoma and breast with atypical hyperplasia. Methods Immunohistochemical reaction of p53, c-erb B-2 oncogene protein was evaluated in 103 benign and malignant lesion breast paraffin-embedded specimens. The microvessel endothelial area (MEA) was quantitated by computer image analysis system (CIAS), which was immunohistochemically stained by FⅧ-RA. The relationships between p53, c-erb B-2 and MEA were analyzed. Results The MEA of p53 oncogene protein positive expression in mild atypical hyperplasia breast lesion was significantly higher than that in p53 negative (t=2.302 4,P＜0.05). The MEA of p53 oncogene protein positive expression in severe atypical hyperplasia was higher than that in p53 negative (t=2.179 4,P＜0.05). Moreover, no significant association between c-erb B-2 oncogene protein and MEA was observed. Conclusion p53 oncogene mutant,protein expression is significantly related to angiogenesis.
【Abstract】Objective To study the surgical therapy and staging investigation about stage Ⅳ breast carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with stage Ⅳ breast carcinoma were summarized, and the patients were followed up. Results The stage Ⅳ patients who had isolated metastasis and removable primary tumor were treated by radical surgery with good effect. On the other hand, the stage Ⅳ patients who had extensive metastasis and primary tumor unresectable were treated by palliative operation with the living quality of patients becoming better and chemotherapy load cutting down. Conclusion The stage Ⅳ patients should be divided into stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb. And the stage Ⅳa patients should be treated by radical operation, and the stage Ⅳb by palliative operation.
【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the status of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast carcinoma and benign disease and define the relationship with age,menopause, tumor size，clinical stage，distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis. Methods Seventy cases of invasive ductal breast carcinomas,30 benign breast diseases and 7 adjacent nonneoplastic specimens were assessed for VEGF protein expression by immunohistochemistry LSAB method. Results VEGF were expressed more frequently in breast cancer than in benign diseases.VEGF was significantly correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis,whereas no statistical correlation with other factors. Conclusion VEGF status has certain value to make differential diagnosis between malignant and benign breast diseases and predict the possibilities of distant and lymph node metastasis.
This study was designed to define the microvessel density (MVD) in breast carcinoma and benign breast disease and the relationship of microvessel density with the tumor size, histologic grade, and lymph node status. Under light microscopy, the microvessels by staining their endothelial cells immunocytochemically for factor Ⅷ were highlighted. Results: The mean level of MVD of breast carcinoma was significantly higher than that of benign disease (Ｐ＜0.01); the MVD of breast carcinoma was associated with tumor size (Ｐ＜0.05), histologic grade (Ｐ＜0.05), and axillary node status (Ｐ＜0.05), but no association with estrogen receptor. These show that MVD of breast carcinoma is significantly higher than that of benign breast disease, and MVD of breast carcinoma is one of significant prognostic indicators.
Eight patients treated with modified radical mastectomy and fenestration of pectoralis muscle to preserve pectoral, nerves are reported and the practical procedure is introduced. The results indicate that this method can overcome the disadvantage of mastectomy (Auchincloss) in that only dissection of fatty tissue and lymph nodes in the lateral part of axilla is carried out. With fenestration of pectoralis major muscle, not only the pectoral nerves can be perserved but also the fatty tissue and lymph nodes, including of those medial to the pectoralis minor, subclavicular and interpectoral nodes can be dissected. This method almost reached Halsted’s demand and it can be used for stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and even stage Ⅲ breast cancer if no infiltration to pectoralis major muscle is found.