The Campbell Collaboration is an international nonprofit academic organization which concerns about production, storage and transmission high quality systematic reviews of the effects of social interventions, and it is called the sister organization of Cochrane Collaboration. Now the thinking and methods of Evidence-based medicine has been widely used in the field of clinical medicine, but its application in non-clinical medicine fields such as education and social area is rarely understood and used. This paper introduced the writing procedures and techniques of Campbell Systematic Review (C2SR), and to make the researchers preliminary understand how to resolve the problems in non-clinical field using the systematic review, and to encourage researchers try to use and write C2SR.
The Clearinghouse plays an important role in knowledge translation in western developed countries. It consistently provides the latest evidence to target customers according to its strict criteria in the specific fields. Clearinghouse is objectively and scientifically designed to assess the scientific nature and the practical applicability of evidence to provide the best current evidence to different service practitioners. It emphasizes much on the process from "knowledge production" to "knowledge utilization", which effectively fills the gap between scientific research and practice. It will play an increasing important role in the knowledge translation in the future. This article specifically introduces its history of development, characteristics and application and sets the construction of Chinese Clearinghouse for Evidence Translation in Child & Aging Health (CCET) as an example, fully elaborating the application status of Clearinghouse and providing assistance for evidence informed decision making.
To meet the evidence users' requirement for qualitative systematic review, it is necessary to establish an evidence classification system for it. The Confidence of the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) approach was developed for evidence classification of qualitative systematic review. Four components contribute to the assessment in CERQual: (1) Methodological limitations: Refer to problems in the design or conduct of the primary studies which need to be evaluated by specific tools used for methodological assessment of qualitative research. (2) Relevance: Relevance is the extent to which the objective, population etc. of included studies are applicable to the review question. (3) Coherence: It is the extent to which the review finding is consistent with the results in primary studies or the patterns, differences across primary studies, were explained reasonably. (4) Adequacy of data: Refer to the degree of richness and quantity of data supporting a review finding. Finally, integrate each of the components and rate the confidence of individual review finding as high, moderate, low or very low confidence. CERQual provides a transparent method for assessing the confidence of evidence from reviews of qualitative research. It may facilitate the use of qualitative research in evidence-informed decision making and guideline development processes. This article will introduce CERQual approach in detail and give an example to explain how to use it.