Methods of evidence-based medicine were used to discuss the drug treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. After clinical problems were put forward, we searched for and assessed the evidence. A rational treatment plan for osteoporosis patients with fractures was developed according to the results of systematic reviews and Meta-analysis.
目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP）后新发椎体骨折的发生率及危险因素。 方法 回顾分析2004年1月-2009年1月行经PVP治疗的80例骨质疏松伴椎体压缩骨折的患者的临床资料，随访7～54个月，了解患者的疗效和预后。 结果 术后80例中14例（17.5%）30个椎体新发椎体骨折，其中相邻椎体占46.7%（14/30）。有无新发椎体骨折两组间及相邻和非相邻椎体骨折两组间，体重指数（body mass index，BMI）比较差异均统计学意义（Plt;0.05），而年龄、性别、骨折椎体个数、PVP手术椎体个数、骨水泥注射剂量、身高下降比较差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。经logistic回归分析发现低体重指数（BMI≤18.5 kg/m2）是PVP术后新发椎体骨折的独立危险因素。术后患者均给予抗骨质疏松药物治疗，58.8%（47/80）的患者能坚持抗骨质疏松药物治疗1年以上。采用KaplanMeier法计算术后第1年新发椎体压缩骨折的发生率为8.6%。低新发椎体骨折发生率与患者术后坚持抗骨质疏松治疗相关。 结论 低体重指数是PVP术后新发椎体骨折的独立危险因素，与PVP手术本身无关。术后坚持抗骨质疏松药物治疗能够降低新发椎体骨折的发生。
【摘要】 目的 评价亚洲骨质疏松自我评价工具（OSTA）和我国妇女骨质疏松筛选工具（OSTC）与四川地区围绝经期和绝经后汉族妇女骨密度的关系，比较两种工具对骨质疏松症的筛检能力，探讨其临床应用价值。 方法 2010年7—10月筛选获得356名45岁以上妇女的双能X线骨密度仪腰椎、股骨颈和全髋骨密度数据，利用体重和年龄分别计算OSTA指数与OSTC指数，并进行比较。 结果 OSTA指数与OSTC指数和各部位骨密度值均呈正相关（r=0.458~0.593和r=0.440~0.599，Plt;0.001），两种筛选指数之间呈正相关（r=0.956，Plt;0.001）。按两级危险程度分类界值进行判定，OSTA和OSTC的灵敏度分别为78.2%、93.5%，特异度为67.2%、43.0%，受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.792、0.798，Kappa系数为0.452、0.357。 结论 OSTA与OSTC应用于四川地区围绝经期和绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的筛查效果均不理想，临床应用价值受限。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis self-assessment tool for asians (OSTA), osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTC) and bone mineral density in Sichuan perimenopausal and postmenopausal women of Han nationality, and discuss the value of their clinical application through comparison of the screening ability of the two tools in predicting osteoporosis and low bone mass. Methods With the data of bone mineral density at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur measured by DXA of 356 women aged 45 years old and above, OSTA and OSTC risk indexes of each subject were calculated based on their weight and age, and were then compared. Results The bone mineral density of above-mentioned locations were positively correlated with OSTA and OSTC indexes (r=0.458-0.593 and r=0.440-0.599,Plt;0.001), and these two indexes were also correlated positively (r=0.956, Plt;0.001). According to the two risk levels by these cutoffs, OSTA and OSTC indexes could diagnose osteoporosis with the sensitivity of 78.2% and 93.5%, the specificity of 67.2% and 43%, the area under ROC curve of 0.792 and 0.798, and the Kappa value of 0.452 and 0.357, respectively. Conclusion Both OSTA and OSTC were not ideal tools for screening osteoporosis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Sichuan province.
Objective To investigate the awareness of diabetes complications in outpatients with diabetes. Methods A total of 300 cases of diabetic were collected from Department of Endocrinology between September 1st and October 10th, 2016. The awareness of diabetes complications in patients with diabetes was investigated by a self-made questionnaire, and the influencing factors on the awareness rate of diabetes complications were analyzed. Results The awareness rates of acute and chronic complications were all low. The awareness rate of hypoglycemia was the highest (59.0%) and the chronic pyelonephritis was the lowest (22.0%). In addition, the difference in awareness rate between different sexes was not significant (P>0.05). Educational extent had significant influence on the awareness rate of chronic pyelonephritis, retinopathy, glaucoma, myopia or hyperopia, iridocliory lesions, polyneuropathy, oculomotor and abducens nerve paralysis, vegetative nerve lesion, skin, muscle, and joints lesions, and infection complications (P<0.05). Occupation had significant influence on the awareness rate of ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycemia, diabetic cardiopathy, iridocliory lesions, polyneuropathy, oculomotor and abducens nerve paralysis, vegetative nerve lesion, skin, muscle, and joints lesions, and infection complications (P<0.05). Conclusions The awareness of diabetes complications in outpatients with diabetes is low. It is needed to strengthen the health education of diabetes complications and improve the awareness rate of complications.