Objective To systematically review the efficacy of different exercises on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity from January, 2000 to April, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The network meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 63 RCTs were included, 49 of which reported the changes in IL-6, 47 of which reported the changes in TNF-α, and 16 of which reported the changes in IL-10. The results of the network meta-analysis found that compared with those in the control group, aerobic exercise (AE) (SMD=−0.9, 95%CI −1.4 to −0.5, P<0.01) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −2.3 to −0.3, P=0.011) significantly reduced IL-6. AE (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −1.7 to −0.9, P<0.01), combined exercise (COM) (SMD=−0.7, 95%CI −1.3 to −0.1, P=0.02), and HIIT (SMD=−1.8, 95%CI −2.6 to −0.9, P<0.01) significantly reduced TNF-α; AE (SMD=0.8, 95%CI 0.1 to 1.5, P=0.03) significantly increased IL-10. The cumulative probability ranking results showed that HIIT was the most effective in reducing IL-6 and TNF-α and increasing IL-10, followed by AE and COM, and resistance training (RT) was the least effective. Conclusion Different exercise types have different effects on improving inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. HIIT can be suggested as the best exercise program to improve chronic inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection caused by hypermastigote. Methods The clinical manifestations, chest imaging characteristics, fiber bronchoscopic and etiological test results were analyzed in 16 patients with hypermastigote infection in lower respiratory tract. Results In 16 patients with hypermastigote infection in lower respiratory tract, fever were present in all the cases, cough in 15 cases, night sweat in 12 cases, wheezing in 3 cases, and eosinophilia in 3 cases.Alive hypermastigotes were found in respiratory tract secretion in all the 16 cases. Bacterial culture of respiratory tract secretion yielded positive results in 8 of 16 cases. Chest imaging showed infiltrations in several lobes and segments or a large opacity with fuzzy patches. Bronchoscopy showed an acute inflammation in the respiratory tract lumen. Prognosis was good with the therapy of Metronidazole. Conclusions Detection of hypermastigote infection in lower respiratory tract have a definite clinical significance in Shenzhen area. Mixed infection is common in hypermastigote infection of lower respiratory tract.
It is very limited that the benefit of perioperative chemotherapy in early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the 5-year survival rate is only 5% higher than surgery. Antibodies that block programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 significantly improve the survival of advanced NSCLC. The value of immunotherapy in early NSCLC is also being explored. This paper firstly summarized and analyzed the progress of immunotherapy in the perioperative period of NSCLC. Secondly, the safety and feasibility of surgical resection after neoadjuvant immunotherapy were discussed. Finally, the clinical value of different therapeutic efficacy prediction indicators was summarized, in order to clarify the current status of immunotherapy in the perioperative period, so as to improve the clinical benefits of early NSCLC patients.
Objective To investigate the viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in adult inpatients. Methods 192 adult inpatients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis, or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, admitted from October 2007 to October 2008, were enrolled in the study. Swabs from the nasopharynxes were collected. Multiple polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify the 7 common species of respiratory virus ( including 11subspecies) . Serumspecific IgM against several viruses were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. 106 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control. Results Only 4 cases were found to be infected with virus in 106 healthy volunteers. Viruses were identified in 80 ( 41. 6% ) cases of 192 inpatients and 99 ( 51. 5% )viral strains were detected. The most common viruses identified in the inpatients were influenza virus A ( FluA) , rhinovirus ( RhV) , and parainfluenza virus 1 ( PIV1) . The ratio of the 3 virus strains to the all strains identified was 81. 8% ( 81/99) . Serumspecific IgM was positive in 61 ( 31. 7% ) inpatients and 73 ( 38. 0% ) viral strains were detected. The most common viruses identified in the inpatients were FluA, PIV1,and respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) . When summing up the data from the swabs and serum, 91 ( 47. 3% )cases had viral infection in 192 inpatients and 110 ( 57. 2% ) viral strains were detected. Conclusion The rate of viral infection is relatively high in the adult inpatients with acute lower respiratory tract infection, and the most common species are FluA, RhV, and PIV1.