ObjectiveTo systematically review the major risk factors of road traffic injuries, so as to provide scientific basis for road traffic injuries prevention strategies. MethodsSuch databases as PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Springer, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data were searched from inception to March 31st, 2014, to collect case-control studies on the risk factors of motoring vehicle road traffic injuries. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were independently completed by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsEighteen studies involving 368 845 motor vehicle drivers who had traffic accidents and 411 147 motor vehicle drivers who had no traffic accident were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the risk factors mainly included carelessness (OR=19.95, 95%CI 6.42 to 62.03), drunk driving (OR=9.36, 95%CI 4.62 to 18.95), driving without licence (OR=5.07, 95%CI 1.93 to 13.31), illegal operation (OR=4.87, 95%CI 1.98 to 11.93), fatigue driving (OR=4.08, 95%CI 3.21 to 5.18), and lack of driving experience (OR=3.81, 95%CI 2.08 to 6.97). ConclusionCarelessness, drunk driving, driving without licence, illegal operation, fatigue driving, and lack of driving experience are major risk factors of motor vehicle road traffic injuries in China. Controlling these risk factors can effectively reduce the incidence of motor vehicle road traffic injuries.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the two means of field molluscicidal effect by two different snail control drugs--new plant snail control agent luo-wei (Tea-seed distilled saponins, TDS) and 50% wettable powder of niclosamide (WPN). MethodsSuch databases as CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were searched for controlled trials about TDS vs. WPN for the molluscicidal effect from their establishment to April 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies, and then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 9 studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:Snails mortality rate of TDS on 7 d was lower (RR=0.96, 95%CI 0.93 to 1.00, P=0.04) than WPN and no significant difference of the snails mortality rate on 1 d or 3 d between the two groups was found by means of immersion. Meanwhile, by means of spraying, there were no significant differences on the snails mortality rate on 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d between the two groups; densities of living snails on 15 d wasn't, either. Based on GRADE system, the evidence was at level B or C. ConclusionCompared with WPN, TDS has reached the requirements of the natural source twin-screw agent field evaluation. The molluscicidal effect of TDS is better, with its large stock and low price, it is worthy to do further popularization.