Objective To establish a set of structure-process-outcome (SPO) indicators associating with the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) process in day surgeries, based on the current data from Shanghai municipal hospitals. Methods The data on the first page of medical records of patients undergoing short-course surgery in 36 municipal hospitals in Shanghai between 2019 and 2021 were selected. The development of day surgery was analyzed, and the appropriate diseases and surgical catalogue for standardized management of day surgery were determined. Based on ERAS, the three-dimensional integrated indicators combined SPO process were designed. Results According to the national recommended day surgery directory, there were 87 kinds of day surgeries caried out by Shanghai municipal hospitals during 2019-2021. Another 81 kinds of day surgeries recommend had less than 100 cases. Under the circumstances, a set of SPO indicators were established, including 34 process indicators and 20 outcome indicators. They covered all process of day surgery. Conclusions An increase of day surgery is observed from 2019 to 2021 among Shanghai municipal hospitals. But the surgical ability still needs improving. The application of SPO indicators would provide evidence to enhance evaluation on how multi-disciplinary treatment and ERAS are conducted among day surgeries, therefore estimating if the surgical process is standard and methodical.