Objective To investigate the effect of CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy and nursing of postoperative complications. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 522 patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy between May and August 2014 in the Department of Lung Cancer Center. Effect of the puncture biopsy, postoperative complications and nursing measures were summarized. Results After surgery, 507 cases of diagnosis were confirmed, 10 were not confirmed, and 5 cases of puncture were unsuccessful. There were 203 cases of complications, including 122 cases of pneumothorax (23.4%), 56 of hemoptysis 56 (10.7%), 20 of pleural effusion (3.8%), 4 of pleural reaction (0.8%), and 1 of mediastinal emphysema (0.2%). All the above complications were cured after positive symptomatic treatment and nursing care. There were no such complications as severe hemopneumothorax, severe hemoptysis or needle tract metastasis. Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy is a safe and reliable method, but there are some patients with complications. Observation and postoperative care are particularly important. Timely detection and positive care will achieve satisfactory results.